Foundations Of Organization Structure

Foundations Of Organization Structure(b short p. 452-453) 4. The degree to which tasks ar subdivided into take apart jobs is termed a. surgical incisionalization.b. decentralization. c. work specialization. d. expression.(c build p. 452-453) 5. In the late 1940s, about manufacturing jobs in industrialized countries were being dvirtuoso with lasta. departmentalization.b. decentralization.c. work specialization.d. structuralization.(c go over p. 453)6. For much of the first half(prenominal) of the 20th century, tutors viewed _____ as an unending source of increased productivity.a. departmentalizationb. formalizationc. work specializationd. automation(c temperate p. 454)7. Which adept of the following components of organizational structure specific solelyy defines where purposes ar made?a. complexity/simplicityb. formalization/informalizationc. centralization/decentralizationd. specialization/enlargement(c sustain Exh 15-1 p. 453)8. The basis by which jobs are sort ou t unneurotic is termeda. departmentalization.b. bureaucratism.c. specialization.d. centralization.(a at large(p) Exh. 15-1 p. 453)9. Grouping jobs on the basis of function, product, geography, handle, or guest is a form ofa. departmentalization.b. specialization.c. centralization.d. bureaucracy.(a Moderate p. 454)10. One of the most popular ways to group activities is bya. product.b. function.c. geography.d. process.(b Ch whollyenging p. 454)11. Proctor Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization bya. function.b. process.c. geography.d. product.(d Easy p. 455)12. A plant manager who organizes the plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments is practicing _____ departmentalization.a. target customerb. productc. functionald. geographic(c Moderate p. 454)13. _____ departmentalization achieves economies of scale by placing people with common skills and orientatio ns into common units.a. Functionalb. Processc. Productd. Geographic(a Moderate p. 454)14. At an Alcoa aluminum tubing plant in New York, production is organized into five departments casting press tubing finishing and inspecting packing and shipping. This isa. functional departmentalization.b. process departmentalization.c. product departmentalization.d. none of the above.(b Moderate p. 455)15. The unbroken disceptation of agency that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termeda. chain of command.b. authority.c. distich of see to it.d. champion of command.(a Moderate p. 456)16. The right essential in a managerial position to give orders and conduct orders to be obeyed is termeda. chain of command.b. authority.c. office staff.d. unity of command.(b Moderate p. 456)17. The _____ principle helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority.a. span of controlb. chain of commandc. unity of commandd. centraliz ation(c Moderate p. 456)18. The _____ principle states that a person should have one and only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible.a. span of controlb. chain of commandc. unity of commandd. authority(c Moderate p. 456)19. The _____ refers to the weigh of subordinates a manager send away efficiently and effectively direct.a. span of controlb. unity of commandc. chain of commandd. decentralization principle(a Moderate p. 456)20. Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control?a. It reduces effectiveness.b. It is to a greater extent efficient.c. It encourages overly tight supervision and discourages employee autonomy.d. It empowers employees.(c ambitious p. 457)21. Which of the following is non a drawback of a narrow span of control?It is expensive.It makes vertical communication in the organization more complex.Supervisors may loose control of their employees.It encourages overly tight supervision.(c Challenging p. 457)22. The trend in recent ol d age has been towardnarrower spans of control.wider spans of control.a span of control of four.an ideal span of control of six to eight.(b Moderate p. 457)23. If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) _____ organization.efficient before longtall hyaloplasm(c Moderate p. 457)24. _____ are consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get circumferent to customers, and empower employees.Wider spans of controlNarrower spans of controlMatrix structuresSimple structures(a Moderate p. 457)25. The best definition for centralization isdecision making is pushed dump to lower aim employees.decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.decision making depends on the situation.decision making is done in individually department and then sent to the president for the final decision.(b Moderate p. 458)26. In an organization that has postgraduate centralizationa. the corporate headqu arters is located centrally to section offices.b. all top level officials are located within the same geographic area.c. top managers make all the decisions and lower level managers merely halt out directions.d. action can be taken more quickly to solve problems.(c Moderate p. 457-458)27. The more that lower-level personnel provide input or are rattling given the tact to make decisions, the more _____ there is.a. centralizationb. decentralizationc. work specializationd. departmentalization(b Moderate p. 458)28. If a job is highly formalized, it would not include which of the following?a. clearly defined procedures on work processesb. explicit job descriptionc. high employee job discretiond. a large public figure of organizational rules(c Moderate p. 458)29. Explicit job descriptions, lots of rules, and clearly defined procedures concerning work processes are consistent witha. high formalization.b. high specialization.c. high centralization.d. bureaucracy.(a Moderate p. 458)30. Employee discretion is inversely related toa. complexity.b. standardization.c. specialization.d. departmentalization.(b Challenging p. 458-459) popular organizational Designs31. Which of the following is not a common organizational design?simple structurebureaucracy centralize structure ground substance structure(c Moderate p. 459)32. The _____ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralise in a single person, and puny formalization.a. bureaucracyb. matrix organizationc. simple structured. police squad structure(c Moderate p. 460)33. Which one of the following is consistent with a simple structure?a. high centralizationb. high horizontal differentiationc. high employee discretiond. standardization(a Moderate p. 460)34. The ____ is a flat organization.bureaucracycentralized structurematrix structurenone of the above(d Moderate p. 460)35. Simple structures are characterized bya. shared authority.b. a narrow span of control.c. s tandardization.d. a low degree of departmentalization.(d Moderate p. 460)36. This is most widely practiced in small businesses.simple structurestandardizationcentralized structurespan of control(a Easy p. 460)37. The bureaucracy is characterized by all of the following excepta. highly routine operating tasks.b. formalized rules and regulations.c. tasks that are grouped into functional departments.d. decentralized decision making.(d Moderate p. 461)38. The key underlying all bureaucracies isa. flexibility.b. standardization.c. dual lines of authority.d. wide span of control.(b Easy p. 460)39. The ____ is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.simple structurebureaucracycentralized structurematrix structure(b Moderate p. 461)40. The say-so of the simple structure lies in itsefficiency.simplicity.centralization.span of control.(b Easy p. 460)41. Which of the following is not a weakness of the simple structure?It is risky. training overloadThere is little unity of command.slower decision making(c Moderate p. 460)42. The structure that creates dual lines of authority and combines functional and product departmentalization is thea. organizational structure.b. bureaucracy.c. matrix structure.d. virtual organization.(c Moderate p. 462)43. The matrix structure combines which two forms of departmentalization?a. process and functionalb. functional and productc. product and processd. none of the above(b Challenging p. 462)44. The _____ violates the unity of command concept.a. simple structureb. virtual structurec. matrix structured. team structure(c Challenging p. 462)45. Which one of the following problems is most likely to give-up the ghost in a matrix structure?a. decreased response to environmental changeb. decreased employee motivationc. loss of economies of scaled. employees receiving conflicting directives(d Moderate p. 463)46. The strength of the matrix structure is itsa. ability to facilitate coordination.b. economies of scale.c. adherence to chain of command.d. standardization.(a Moderate p. 463)47. The major disadvantage of the matrix structure isa. the confusion it creates.b. its propensity to foster power struggles.c. the stress it places on individuals.d. all of the above(d Challenging p. 463)New Design Options48. The primary characteristics of the _____ structure are that it breaks down departmental barriers and decentralizes decision making to the level of the work team.a. virtualb. teamc. boundarylessd. organizational(b Moderate p. 463-464)49. In larger organizations, the team structure complements what is typically avirtual organization.bureaucracy.formal structure.boundaryless organization.(b Challenging p. 464)50. A small, core organization that outsources major business functions is the _____ organization.a. teamb. virtualc. boundarylessd. matrix(b Moderate p. 464)51. The ____ is also called the network or modular organization.virtual organizationteam structurepyramidboundaryless organ ization(a Moderate p. 464)52. The prototype of the virtual structure is todaysappliance manufacturers.movie-making organizations.fast-food restaurants.software companies.(b Challenging p. 464)53. The major advantage of the virtual organization is itsa. control.b. predictability.c. flexibility.d. empowerment.(c Moderate p. 465)54. The _____ organization stands in sharp contrast to the typical bureaucracy that has m any(prenominal) vertical levels of management and where control is sought through ownership.a. virtualb. teamc. un extrad. matrix(a Moderate p. 465)55. The boundaryless organization relies heavily oninformation technology.functional and product departmentalization.the simple structure.none of the above.(a Moderate p. 466)56. An organization that seeks to eliminate the chain of command, have limitless spans of control, and replace departments with empowered teams is thea. virtual organization.b. boundaryless organization.c. matrix organization.d. team structure.(b Moderate p. 466)57. The one common technological thread that makes the boundaryless organization possible isa. reengineering.b. MBAs.c. networked computers.d. mainframes.(c Moderate p. 468) wherefore Do Structures Differ?58. The _____ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization.a. mechanistic modelb. extreme modelc. traditionalistic modeld. bureaucracy organization(a Moderate p. 468)59. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mechanistic structure?a. extensive departmentalizationb. high formalizationc. limited information networkd. flexibility(d Easy p. 468)60. If there is low formalization, a comprehensive information network, and high participation in decision making, one would expect a(n)a. simple structure.b. mechanistic structure.c. organic structure.d. stable structure.(c Challenging p. 468-469)61. All of the following are characteristics of the organic model excepta. cross-functiona l teams.b. cross-departmentalization.c. cross-hierarchical teams.d. high participation.(b Moderate p. 468-469)62. Which of the following is not a determinant of an organizations structure? strategyorganization sizeinnovationtechnology(c Moderate p. 469-472)63. Changes in corporate strategy precede and lead toa. changes in the environment.b. better communication.c. increased productivity.d. changes in an organizations structure.(d Challenging p. 469)64. A strategy that emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services is a(n) _____ strategy.a. innovationb. enhancementc. progressived. organic(a Moderate p. 469)65. The innovation strategy is characterized bya. unorthodox structures.b. a mixture of loose with tight properties.c. low specialization and low formalization.d. high technology.(c Moderate p. 469)66. _____ refers to how an organization transfers its inputs into outputs. productTechnologyOperationsProcess(b Challenging p. 470)67. Which of the following is not part of the organizations environment?public pressure groupscustomerstechnologycompetitors(c Moderate p. 471)68. The _____ of an environment refers to the degree to which it can support growth.a. capacityb. qualificationsc. potentiald. capability(a Moderate p. 472)69. _____ refers to the degree of instability of an environment.a. Instabilityb. Volatilityc. Irregularityd. Unpredictability(b Moderate p. 472)70. Three key dimensions to any organizations environment have been found. Which of the following is not one of these key dimensions?a. volatilityb. capabilityc. complexityd. capacity(b Moderate p. 472)71. The _____ of an environment refers to the degree of heterogeneity and niggardness among environmental elements.a. densityb. simplicityc. complexityd. intricacy(c Moderate p. 472)Organization Designs and Employee Behavior72. Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee public presentation and satisfaction is most sure?a. There is fairly strong manifest linking decentralization and job satisfaction.b. It is probably safe to say that no evidence supports a relationship between span of control and employee make outance.c. The evidence generally indicates that work specialization contributes to lower employee productivity.d. No one wants work that makes minimal intellectual demands and is routine.(b Challenging p. 474)73. There is look evidence to suggest thata. employees with high self-esteem are more satisfied with decentralized organizations.b. a managers job satisfaction increases along with the number of employees he or she supervisesc. centralized organizations tend to have more satisfied employees.d. a managers job satisfaction is inversely related to the number of employees he or she supervises(b Challenging p. 474)TRUE/ imitative74. Organizations have different structures, but the structure has little bearing on employee attitudes and behavior.(False Easy p. 452)What is Organizational Structure?75. Specialization defines how job tasks are formally defined, grouped, and coordinated.(False Moderate p. 452)76. Managers take aim to address six key elements when they design their organizations structure work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, chain of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization.(False Challenging p. 452)77. The degree to which tasks in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs is termed departmentalization.(False Moderate p. 452-453)78. Work specialization and division of labor are the same thing.(True Easy p. 452-453)79. Work specialization may result in employee boredom, stress, and absenteeism.(True Easy p. 454)80. For much of the first half of this century, managers viewed departmentalization as an unending source of increased productivity.(False Moderate p. 454)81. The strength of functional departmentalization is putting similar specialists together.(True Moderate p. 454)82. Only one form of departmentalization can effective ly be implemented in an organization at a time.(False Moderate p. 455)83. The inherent right in a managerial position to give orders and expect the orders to be obeyed is termed power.(False Moderate p. 456)84. Departmentalization answers questions for employee such as To whom do I go if I have a problem?(False Moderate p. 456)85. The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon is termed the command line of authority.(False Easy p. 456)86. The principle of unity of command suggests that managers should support one another.(False Easy p. 456)87. The trend in recent years has been toward wider spans of control.(True Easy p. 457)88. Span of command determines the number of levels and managers an organization has.(False Moderate p. 456)89. All things being equal, the wider or larger the span, the more profitable the organization.(False Challenging p. 456)90. Flat organizational structures result from narrow spans of control.(False Chall enging Exh. 15-3 p. 457)91. Narrow spans of control can result in lack of supervision, causing performance to suffer.(False Moderate p. 457)92. Having too many people report to you can undermine your effectiveness.(True Easy p. 457)93. The more that lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the more decentralized the organization.(True Moderate p. 458)94. A decentralized organization is more likely to result in a public opinion of alienation by employees than a centralized organization.(False Challenging p. 458)95. There has been a marked trend toward centralized decision making.(False Moderate p. 458)96. Increase in the number of rules and regulations results in increased formalization.(True Easy p. 458-459)97. The greater the formalization, the more input an employee has into how his or her work is done.(False Challenging p. 458)98. Autonomy and formalization are positively related.(False Moderate p. 458)Common Organizational Desi gns99. The simple structure is flexible and inexpensive to maintain, but the chain of command is often ambiguous.(False Moderate p. 460)100. The strength of the bureaucracy lies in its ability to perform standardized activities.(True Challenging p. 461)101. A major strength of the simple structure is that it easily adapts to any size organization.(False Challenging p. 460)102. The simple structure is risky.(True Challenging p. 460)103. standardisation is the key that underlies the simple structure.(False Easy p. 460)104. The matrix structure is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.(False Challenging p. 461)105. A major weakness of the bureaucracy is that it creates sub-unit conflicts.(False Moderate p. 462)106. The bureaucracy is efficient only as long as employees confront problems that they have previously encountered.(True Easy p. 462)107. A structure that creates dual lines of authority and combines functional and product departmentali zation is the matrix structure.(True Easy p. 462)108. The strength of the bureaucracy is its ability to facilitate coordination when the organization has complex and interdependent activities.(False Moderate p. 462)109. The matrix structure facilitates the storage allocation of specialists.(True Challenging p. 462)110. The major disadvantages of the matrix lie is that it creates sub-unit conflicts and that functional unit goals can override the organizational goals.(False Challenging p. 463)New Design Options111. The team structure breaks down department barriers and decentralizes decision making.(True Moderate p. 463-464)112. Often the team structure complements what is typically a bureaucracy.(True Moderate p. 464)113. The primary characteristics of the virtual organization are that it breaks down department barriers and decentralizes decision.(False Moderate p. 463-464)114. You have decided to hire a small shop to do all your duplicating and printing. This is an example of outso urcing.(True Moderate p. 465)115. The matrix organization is also called the network or modular organization.(False Challenging p. 464)116. The major advantage to the virtual organization is its flexibility.(True Easy p. 466)117. The virtual organization is effective in obtaining organizational stability.(False Moderate p. 465-466)118. goof Welch coined the term virtual organization.(False Easy p. 466)119. An organization that seeks to eliminate the chain of command is a boundaryless organization.(True Easy p. 466)120. Status and rank are minimized in the borderless organization.(False Challenging p. 466)121. Globalization is easier in a borderless organization.(False Challenging p. 466)122. The technological thread that makes the boundaryless organization possible is networked computers.(True Moderate p. 468)Why Do Structures Differ?123. The organic structure is characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization.(F alse Easy p. 468)124. The boundaryless organization is an example of the organic model of organizational design.(True Easy p. 468)125. Mechanistic structures are high in formalization.(True Easy p. 468)126. Mechanistic structures have high participation in decision making.(False Moderate p. 468)127. Strategy does not impact an organizations structure.(False Easy p. 469)128. An innovation strategy works well only for the simple structure.(False Moderate p. 469)129. An organization that controls costs, refrains from incurring unnecessary innovation or marketing expenses, and cuts prices in selling a prefatory product pursues a price-minimization strategy.(False Moderate p. 469)130. An innovation strategy seeks to quickly move into new products or new markets after their viability has been proven.(False Moderate p. 469)131. Size affects structure at a decreasing rate.(True Challenging p. 470)132. Adding 500 employees to an organization that has only 300 members is likely to result in a shift toward a more organic structure.(False Challenging p. 470)133. Technology refers to how an organization transfers its inputs into outputs.(True Moderate p. 470)134. The three key dimensions to an organizations environment have been found to be capacity, complexity, and technology.(False Challenging p. 472)135. The environment of an organization needs to be assessed in terms of capacity, which is the degree of heterogeneity and concentration among environmental elements.(False Challenging p. 472)136. The more scarce, dynamic, and complex the environment, the more organic a structure should be.(True Challenging p. 472)Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior137. Research supports the notion that employees prefer an organic structure.(False Moderate p. 474)138. The evidence generally indicates that work specialization contributes positively to productivity.(True Easy p. 473)139. A review of the research indicates that there is no evidence to support a relationship between s pan of control and employee performance.(True Moderate p. 474)140. Organizations that are less centralized have a greater amount of participative decision making.(True Easy p. 474)SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONSApplication of What is Organizational Structure?Consultants Exceptional has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and encounter the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. They believe that in order to adequately evaluate and understand the company, they need to understand the basic organizational structure. Then they will be able to recommend actions and changes based on that structure.141. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs? This question addresses the issue ofa. formalization.b. work specialization.c. span of control.d. chain of command.(b Moderate Exh. 15-1 p. 453 )142. _____ is addressed by asking the question On what basis are jobs grouped together?a. Departmentalizationb. Work specializationc. Centralization and decentralizationd. Formalization(a Challenging Exh. 15-1 p. 453)143. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand thea. chain of command.b. degree of formalization.c. span of control.d. degree of departmentalization.(b Moderate Exh. 15-1 p. 453)Application of DepartmentalizationYou have divided the jobs done by your department through work specialization and are now trying to decide how to best group them for efficiency and service to the customer. You are considering whether to group activities by function, product, process, geography, or customer.144. You have decided that since you are a

Pestel Analysis Of Icici Prudential Economics Essay

Pestel Analysis Of Icici Prudential Economics EssayThreat of New Entrants. The average entrepreneur arset suffice along and parachuting a large policy policy union. The threat of saucy entrants lies within the policy industry itself. Some companies convey carved out niche stadiums in which they underwrite insurance. These insurance companies be fearful of being squeezed out by the big players. Another threat for many an(prenominal) insurance companies is other financial services companies ledger entry the commercialise.Power of Suppliers. The suppliers of capital might not pose a big threat, but the threat of suppliers luring away human capital does. If a talented insurance underwriter is working for a smaller insurance company (or wholeness in a niche industry), there is the chance that person impart be enticed away by larger companies looking to move into a particular market.Power of Buyers.The individual doesnt pose much of a threat to the insurance industry. garga ntuan corpo roam clients puzzle a lot to a greater extent(prenominal) bargaining power with insurance companies. Large corporate clients same airlines and pharmaceutical companies pay millions of dollars a class in premiums. Insurance companies try extremely hard to get high-margin corporate clients.Availability of Substitutes.This one is pretty straight forward, for there be plenty of substitutes in the insurance industry. Most large insurance companies offer kindred suites of services. Whether it is auto, home, commercial, health or smell insurance, chances are there are competitors that can offer similar services. In some arenas of insurance, however, the availability of substitutes isfew and far amongst. Companies focusing on niche areas usually have a competitive advantage, but this advantage depends only when on the size of the niche and on whether there are any barriers preventing other firms from entering.Competitive Rivalry.The insurance industry is becoming high ly competitive. The difference between one insurance company and another is usually not that great. As a result, insurance has become more like a commodity an area in which the insurance company with the low cost structure, greater efficiency and better customer service will beat out competitors. Insurance companies overly use higher investment slip bys and a variety of insurance investment products to try to lure in customers. In the long run, were likely to see more consolidation in the insurance industry. Larger companies prefer to take over or merge with other companies rather than spend the money to market and publicise to people.Pestel analysisPolitical and legal factorsWithin Indian political ambitions and rise of communalism, fissiparous tendencies are on the rise and may well continue for kinda some time. Based on this the insurance companies might introduce political risk coverage in their policies. In India the only area where customers consider to a take insurance c over is on customs duty change but also on certain conditions. The term political risk has a wider connotation than commonly understood or assumed. It covers events rising not just from politics, but risks in the course of international transactions. Based on this the insurance companies come up with new policies with respect to the problems arising out of foreign legal jurisdiction, political changes and also currency exchange difficulties being faced by many ontogenesis countries. Reforms in the Insurance sector were initiated with the passage of the IRDA Bill in Parliament in December 1999. The IRDA since its incorporation as a statutory body in April 2000 has fastidiously stuck to its schedule of framing regulations and registering the private sector insurance companies. In India the entry mode for a company to start up a new manner insurance company is to have a paid up capital of 100 crore rupees. Other rules got in by IRDA are Mandatory Investments of LIC living Fund in gov ernment securities to be reduced from 75% to 50% GIC and its subsidiaries are not to hold more than 5% in any company (There current holdings to be brought down to this level over a period of time)Economic FactorsThe interest rates at bank and also the provident monetary fund variation affect the invigoration insurance industry as people are always attracted by a higher return. So compared to this the lower return policy is not attractive to the customers. Another factor which affects the liveliness insurance industry is Unemployment, as unemployed people would not have any earnings, nest egg would be comparatively less which would mean less sales in-turn affecting the GDP of the country and also the industry. Other factors which contribute to the insurance industry are the natural factors like earthquakes, monsoons etc, as these events lead to a lot of deaths, the insurance companies have to pay claim against the policy. A typical Indian will requirement a better product with a low income so he prefers to pay in annuity or installments (EMI), so that they will not have extra savings to invest in the insurance policy.One of the main reasons for the economic factor is the inflation rate in todays market. High inflation rate will tend to reduce the insurances business as the money paid to the policy holder during the time of maturity will be less and it would be less attractive for the investor.Social-cultural factorsPopulation is one of the major factors affecting the industry as the growth in population will indirectly help the companies to catch more market with more people. Life styles is another factor which affect the industry, the current life styles of the people in India are increasingly becoming like nuclear families, as both the parents would be working there would be a possibility of an accident, which would mean more sales for the company In term of life insurance. Similarly people are interested in having a car and more cars in the road woul d mean more sales for life insurance. The third factor is the level of education, as India is still a developing country more than 50% of the population is illiterate and the other 50% are not sure astir(predicate) the concept of life insurance, creating the awareness for the product is a big challenge and one of the more contributing factors that affect the life insurance industry.Technological FactorsInternet is becoming a fast house hold name in India where every house in the urban area has a connection. The life insurance industry has taken advantage of this with having many policies which can be flexible to the customer. The customer can check the flexibility session at home and select the best policy, pay the monthly installments and everything would be done within minutes. One more factor is the debit and credit beleaguer facilities where the customer can pay the installments easily. The life insurance industry is taking a huge advantage of the technology advancement in th e world and devising it their competitive advantage.Environmental factorsInsurance companies in India are more affected by the environmental factors which can affect the industry. The Tsunami in 2008 which had such an impact in the south western India,Drivers of growth in the insurance industry.Government supportThe existing rule according to the IRDA in India is that a foreign partner can hold a maximum of 26% of equity in an insurance company. Countering this a proposal has been submitted to the government to increase the limit to 49% which would mean more money to be pumped in the market. In 1999, a total of Rs. 8.7 billion has been supplied by the foreign partners and 21 private companies have been granted licenses. contestThe intense rivalry among the players in the life insurance market is going to affect the industry in a positive way. LIC which has the most market divide is showing signs of losing their grip in the competition and other companies like ICICI prudential, Me tlife India are gaining.Legal aspectsThe insurance sectors growth is more than 3 multiplication the growth of its economy in India. So many businesses or the domestic firms will aim to invest in insurance sector. Moreover, the growth of insurance in India is 13 times more than the growth of insurance industry in the developed countries. So foreign companies will be fostering an ample desire to invest in the Indian insurance market.Industry life cycle modelSource (Johnson, et al.2005)The theory for the Industry Life cycle is given in the Appendix. Analysing the life insurance industry in India the key observations are, the Industry is in the shake-out stage relating to the porters 5 forces analysis we can evaluate that the entry into the market is difficult and there is immense competitive rivalry in the industry and the companies are innovating with many flexible policies to suit the potential customer. The present market players like LIC, ICICI Prudential, Metlife India insurance are having a strong Managerial and Financial position, they are capable of holding the market which in the present market scenario is a key to holding customers so the faint-hearted companies are not able to cope up with this scenario and are either being taken over by the big companies or they are just run over.Scenario 1Joint-VentureIn the future we might see a lot of companies merging in order to compete with LIC which has about 68% of the market share. The next major company holding the market is ICICI Prudential with 8% which is also a joint venture between ICICI Bank and Prudential life Insurance.The difference between the top two companies is 60%. Which can also be told as a monopoly by LIC. As the insurance industry is one of the most emerging in the world many companies want to compete for the market share.Given the scenario, the only weakness that LIC has is their customer relationship management, other companies have make that area their strongest.Taking into considerat ion one of the drivers for change that is mentioned above, which says that the government might increase the limit of foreign companies equity to 49%, there are many opportunities for the joint ventures to happen. Few companies have already established themselves in the market like AIG with Tata, ING with Vyasaya.Scenario 2Life Insurance becoming more tech-savvy.Another scenario is that the life insurance companies make trading online for the customers. That is make everything available in the internet for the customers like paying of premium, choosing the right policies etc.ICICI Prudential has tried its hand at the technology by giving more information about their policies and services they offer to the customers where the customers can check and enquire anything they want to know. This is one of the stepping stones to the technology of having everything electronic where the customer wont be harnessed to the paper work of having a life insurance.Many other companies have taken upo n this area and soon it will be a boon to the customers.Scenario 3Life insurance as growth of the economySince Indias life insurance industry liberalized in 1999, there have been companies coming to India and with it increasing the competition, the innovation, the flexibilities etc. Insurance industrys contribution towards the GDP has increased significantly from 2.3% in 2001 to 5.2% in 2011. The Life insurance covers have increased about 12times in the past decade and Many analysts predict that by 2020 India will be one of the three top countries in the insurance market. The statistics say that the insurance industry will reach upto $350-$400 billion by 2020. (Study of insurance sector, 2011)Changing scenario in the life insurance industryhttp//www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/insurance_climatechange_statement.pdf

Comparing Flauberts A Sentimental Education and Henry James’ The Portr

Comparing Flauberts A soupy Education and Henry James The portraying of a Lady Henry James wrote of A Sentimental Education, Flaubert takes Frdric Moreau on the threshold of brio and conducts him to the extreme of maturity without apparently suspecting for a moment either our wonder or our protest--Why, why him? Frdric is positively too poor for his charge and we feel with a kind of embarrassment, certainly with a kind of compassion, that it is somehow the business of a mavin to prevent in his designer an excessive waste of faith. . He spoke harshly, but with no little authority on the subject his own The Portrait of a Lady takes Isabel Archer from this threshold to, if not quite the extreme of maturity, then to a point which serves the same novelistic purpose. As, at the end of Sentimental Education, the reader understands that Frdrics novelistic life, his potential to drive a narrative, (his limited potential, as James might see it), is over, so the reader is given to under stand the same of Isabel at the end of Portrait. In considering James evaluation of Frdrics worthiness as a protagonist, one cannot deny that the basis of his criticism is valid Frdric is the abject human specimen James says he is, and there are times in the novel when we do want to ask, Why him?. But we mustiness also ask whether Flaubert was not fully conscious of his heros pathetic nature, and whether the placement of such a character at the center of his novel was not an abruptly intentional, and perhaps ultimately brilliant, stroke of authorship. This question, and the comparison of two bildungsromans with two such contrasting heroes, leads to the interesting and more fundamental question of the function of a r... ... his life trying to obtain a future to align with the loftiest of his dreams now that he is no longer at the threshold looking forward, he has no where to cast his dreaming, idealizing eyeball but back, and not just into his past, but even beyond the narrative bounds of the novel. Thus excluded from the last scene, we are in a sense dilapidated to Frdrics fate, looking back with longing to a time that never existed. There is a way in which Sentimental Education, so dead devoid of transcendence or redemptive spirit, chillingly effects the reader in a much deeper way, resonates in a much darker place than The Portrait of a Lady. Finally, we see that Isabel has learned what the novel had to teach her Frdric has not, and the brutal sentimental education is ours. Works CitedJames, Henry. A Portrait of a Lady. 1908. New York Houghton Mifflin, 1963.

Chaim Potoks The Chosen Essay -- Chaim Potok Chosen Essays

Chaim Potoks The ChosenIn the book The Chosen, by Chaim Potok, Reuven Malter is shaped by everyone around him. During this interaction his character plumps more developed and engaging. Through the interactions, it becomes apparent that Reuvens father is always teaching his child how to improve himself. The conversations between Reuven and his father help germinate Reuven develop the mentality and the personal qualities, such as wisdom, compassion, and tolerance, necessary to become a rabbi. In all of their conversations, Mr. Malter seeks to pass his moral wisdom onto Reuven. At the base of the novel, after Reuven refuses to listen to Dannys apology, his father visits him at the hospital to discuss his ignorance You did a foolish thing, Reuven, he told me Reuven sternly. You remember what the Talmud says. If a person comes to apologize for having anguish you, you must listen and forgive him (96). Reuvens father teaches him about applying the Talmud to his daily lif e and about becoming a better person. After Reuven and Danny begin to become friends, Reuven begins to look at the baseball game in retrospective. He tells his father he is shocked how such a strong friendship can step forward from such a meaningless occurrence. His father replies, Reuven, as you grow older you will discover that the most important things that will happen to you will much come as a result of silly things, as you call themordinary things is a better expression. That is the way the world is (110). Mr. Malter shares his wisdom of Jewish ethics and way of life with Reuven so he may pass his knowledge on to his children, or perhaps his future followers. Mr. Malter tries to pass more wisdom to Reuven as the ... ...if you Reuven become a rabbi (219). Here, Mr. Malter prepares Reuven for his difficult task ahead because whether Reuven is a rabbi or a professor, he will have to teach many and share his wisdom. Mr. Malter slyly reveals many of the challenges that lie ahead in Reuvens future. In The Chosen, Reuven is very easily influenced by the people around him as he goes through his adolescence. It is a time of learning and self-realization for him, and at this time, he turns to his father for guidance and wisdom. His father shows him the ways of understanding and compassion. He also prepares him for what lies ahead, whether his son chooses to be a rabbi or not. Through his fathers teachings, Reuven develops the personal traits essential for becoming a rabbi.Works CitedPotok, Chaim. The Chosen. New York The Ballantine Publishing Group, 1967.

Death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

1. The book Death of a Salesman is a crop about a salesman who wants to be well like by everyone. The title of this book fits the book because there are two salesmen who die in the book. The two salesmen who die in the book are Dave Singleman, who was well liked by everyone, and Willy Loman who was the main character. The book is about a traveling salesman named Willy Loman who has a wife named Linda and two kids named Biff and Happy. The theme of the book is that the most important involvement in the world is to have personal attractiveness and to be well liked.2. Willy Loman is a sixty-one year old man who is a traveling salesman for the Wagner Company. He had worked for the same company for thirty-four years. Willy&8217s last name is a pun on the word low-man which is symbolic of the kind of person he is and the issues he has accomplished. He has nothing and throws nothing and he would be considered a low man in the world status. Willy develops a maxim that states the most i mportant thing in the world is to be well liked. Willy is not well liked so he often lies to his family telling them that he is very important to the overbold England area. He also pushes his kids very hard to be well liked so he can live vicariously through them.3. Biff Loman his Willy&8217s oldest son. Biff is thirty-four years old and was once a high school football star. He spent fourteen years of his life presumptively somewhere out west trying to &8220find himself. Willy caught his father having an affair with Miss Frances and quickly developed a lack of trust for his father. Willy throughout the play seems to be opposed to his father, but there are many similarities between the two. There views on life tend to be the same and also their value are the same. This is found out when Willy sends his son to steal wood from a construction site to prove to Ben that he is a fearless character. Biff&8217s willingness to perform the task shows that their values are the same. Happy Lom an is the youngest son and was often overshadowed by his brother. Happy works at a department store and has his own apartment. Happy was deprived of attention as a kid because his brother got all the attention.

Sleep, What Is It? Essay -- essays research papers fc

When you lay down to bed at night, close your eyes, and loose conciseness, you fall a stop. Sleep is an everyday event, every human, every animal does it on a routine basis. There are many questions cin one caserning catnap. This paper will try to answer three of them. Why do we sleep, at what routine do we sleep, and what happens to us when we sleep.There are several theories as to why we sleep. Some believe its a clock time out to recuperate, remove wastes from muscles, repair cells or rec everyplace abilities lost during the day. However wastes are removed without sleep with just a couple of minutes of rest. People who dont sleep for 48 hours dont need 16 hours to catch up all they need is one good nights sleep. Some believe sleep conserves energy, once it provided safety from predators in a secluded space. However we lose consciousness which would make us vulnerable to attacks from predators. Or whitethornbe it serves the brain because only organisms with coordinated bundles of central nervous tissue sleep. There are many theories as to why we sleep but no one really seems to know.People cannister go several days without sleep and still perform normally. However any longer can cause irritability, hallucinations, or delusions. In animals sleep depravation leads to death, it may also hold true for state as well. In one case a man at age 52 started losing sleep. He brutal deeper and deeper into an exhausted stumper or lethargic state, always feeling tired but unable to sleep. He at long last developed a lung infection and died. An atomic number 61 showed he had lost almost all of the large neurons in two areas of the thalamus. This suggests that sleep is caused and controlled by the thalamus.Most people sleep at night, so does this reckon that our sleep cycle is dependent on night and day? It doesnt seem so. There are people who sleep during the day and studies have shown that people run on their own sleep cycles. Volunteers put in isolation(they did nt know what time it was) went to sleep on the average 49 minutes ulterior every cycle. So in about 11 or 12 days one would go to sleep in the morning. Whenever we change our clocks(daylight savings time) our bodies eventually readjust to the time rather than how light or dark it is outside. People who live in the extreme north or south have iniquity for six month at a... ...aks. It will take a shaking motion to wake you and you wont be happy about it. Sleep byeers and talkers walk and talk at this point.This process takes about 90 minutes then reverses(1-2-3-4-3-2-1). After you come back to one, instead of waking you go into REM(Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and this is were most dreaming occurs. The amount of time in REM sleep is usually random, but after REM sleep you start the process over again.Hopefully some questions about sleep you had before reading this paper are now answered. There still remains many questions about sleep. Since sleep is so connected with the mind, which is the biggest mystery in the universe humans know of sleep is difficult to understand. So it will be a long time before our questions will be answered.BibliographyWade and Travis, Carole and Carol, Psychology, New York City, Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 1990http//www.shuteye.com

Computers Mimic The Human Mind :: essays research papers

The mind-body problem has captivated the minds of philosophers for centuries. The problem is how the body and mind can interact with each other if they atomic number 18 separate and distinct. champion dissolvent to the problem is to replace any mental term with a more accurate physical description. Eliminative Materialists take this idea to the extreme by stating that everything that is believed to be mental will someday be explained in terms of the physical world. One way that people try to prove Eliminative Materialism to be straight is through technology. Certainly if we are able to create computers and software that mimic the human mind, then Eliminative Materialism is a sound solution to the mind-body problem. In sight to examine if computers actually do mimic the human mind then we must first look at the capabilities of the human mind. If one looks closely at the capabilities of the human mind and compares them to the most recent technological advances, then it would be o bvious that computers and software are beginning to mimic even the most sophisticated mental states. In the future, computers will be able to do anything the human mind is capable of thus proving Eliminative Materialism to be a sound solution to the mind-body problem.Most of the day the human mind is taking in teaching, analyzing it, storing it accordingly, and recalling past knowledge to solve problems logically. This is similar to the life of any computer. Humans gain information through the senses. Computers gain similar information through a video camera, a microphone, a touch pad or screen, and it is even possible for computers to crush scent and chemicals. Humans also gain information through books, other people, and even computers, all of which computers can access through software, interfacing, and modems. For the past year vernacular recognition software products have become mainstream(Lyons,176). All of the ways that humans gain information are mimicked by computers. Hu mans then proceed to break apart and store the information accordingly. This is a computers main function in todays society. Humans then take all of this information and solve problems logically. This is where things get complex. There are expert systems that can solve complex problems that humans train their whole lives for. In 1997, IBMs Deep Blue defeated the world champion in a game of chess(Karlgaard, p43). Expert systems design buildings, configure airplanes, and diagnose breathing problems. NASAs Deep Space One probe left with software that lets the probe diagnose problems and pin down itself(Lyons).