Friday, May 31, 2019

Death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

1. The book Death of a Salesman is a crop about a salesman who wants to be well like by everyone. The title of this book fits the book because there are two salesmen who die in the book. The two salesmen who die in the book are Dave Singleman, who was well liked by everyone, and Willy Loman who was the main character. The book is about a traveling salesman named Willy Loman who has a wife named Linda and two kids named Biff and Happy. The theme of the book is that the most important involvement in the world is to have personal attractiveness and to be well liked.2. Willy Loman is a sixty-one year old man who is a traveling salesman for the Wagner Company. He had worked for the same company for thirty-four years. Willy&8217s last name is a pun on the word low-man which is symbolic of the kind of person he is and the issues he has accomplished. He has nothing and throws nothing and he would be considered a low man in the world status. Willy develops a maxim that states the most i mportant thing in the world is to be well liked. Willy is not well liked so he often lies to his family telling them that he is very important to the overbold England area. He also pushes his kids very hard to be well liked so he can live vicariously through them.3. Biff Loman his Willy&8217s oldest son. Biff is thirty-four years old and was once a high school football star. He spent fourteen years of his life presumptively somewhere out west trying to &8220find himself. Willy caught his father having an affair with Miss Frances and quickly developed a lack of trust for his father. Willy throughout the play seems to be opposed to his father, but there are many similarities between the two. There views on life tend to be the same and also their value are the same. This is found out when Willy sends his son to steal wood from a construction site to prove to Ben that he is a fearless character. Biff&8217s willingness to perform the task shows that their values are the same. Happy Lom an is the youngest son and was often overshadowed by his brother. Happy works at a department store and has his own apartment. Happy was deprived of attention as a kid because his brother got all the attention.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Sleep, What Is It? Essay -- essays research papers fc

When you lay down to bed at night, close your eyes, and loose conciseness, you fall a stop. Sleep is an everyday event, every human, every animal does it on a routine basis. There are many questions cin one caserning catnap. This paper will try to answer three of them. Why do we sleep, at what routine do we sleep, and what happens to us when we sleep.There are several theories as to why we sleep. Some believe its a clock time out to recuperate, remove wastes from muscles, repair cells or rec everyplace abilities lost during the day. However wastes are removed without sleep with just a couple of minutes of rest. People who dont sleep for 48 hours dont need 16 hours to catch up all they need is one good nights sleep. Some believe sleep conserves energy, once it provided safety from predators in a secluded space. However we lose consciousness which would make us vulnerable to attacks from predators. Or whitethornbe it serves the brain because only organisms with coordinated bundles of central nervous tissue sleep. There are many theories as to why we sleep but no one really seems to know.People cannister go several days without sleep and still perform normally. However any longer can cause irritability, hallucinations, or delusions. In animals sleep depravation leads to death, it may also hold true for state as well. In one case a man at age 52 started losing sleep. He brutal deeper and deeper into an exhausted stumper or lethargic state, always feeling tired but unable to sleep. He at long last developed a lung infection and died. An atomic number 61 showed he had lost almost all of the large neurons in two areas of the thalamus. This suggests that sleep is caused and controlled by the thalamus.Most people sleep at night, so does this reckon that our sleep cycle is dependent on night and day? It doesnt seem so. There are people who sleep during the day and studies have shown that people run on their own sleep cycles. Volunteers put in isolation(they did nt know what time it was) went to sleep on the average 49 minutes ulterior every cycle. So in about 11 or 12 days one would go to sleep in the morning. Whenever we change our clocks(daylight savings time) our bodies eventually readjust to the time rather than how light or dark it is outside. People who live in the extreme north or south have iniquity for six month at a... ...aks. It will take a shaking motion to wake you and you wont be happy about it. Sleep byeers and talkers walk and talk at this point.This process takes about 90 minutes then reverses(1-2-3-4-3-2-1). After you come back to one, instead of waking you go into REM(Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and this is were most dreaming occurs. The amount of time in REM sleep is usually random, but after REM sleep you start the process over again.Hopefully some questions about sleep you had before reading this paper are now answered. There still remains many questions about sleep. Since sleep is so connected with the mind, which is the biggest mystery in the universe humans know of sleep is difficult to understand. So it will be a long time before our questions will be answered.BibliographyWade and Travis, Carole and Carol, Psychology, New York City, Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 1990http//www.shuteye.com

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Computers Mimic The Human Mind :: essays research papers

The mind-body problem has captivated the minds of philosophers for centuries. The problem is how the body and mind can interact with each other if they atomic number 18 separate and distinct. champion dissolvent to the problem is to replace any mental term with a more accurate physical description. Eliminative Materialists take this idea to the extreme by stating that everything that is believed to be mental will someday be explained in terms of the physical world. One way that people try to prove Eliminative Materialism to be straight is through technology. Certainly if we are able to create computers and software that mimic the human mind, then Eliminative Materialism is a sound solution to the mind-body problem. In sight to examine if computers actually do mimic the human mind then we must first look at the capabilities of the human mind. If one looks closely at the capabilities of the human mind and compares them to the most recent technological advances, then it would be o bvious that computers and software are beginning to mimic even the most sophisticated mental states. In the future, computers will be able to do anything the human mind is capable of thus proving Eliminative Materialism to be a sound solution to the mind-body problem.Most of the day the human mind is taking in teaching, analyzing it, storing it accordingly, and recalling past knowledge to solve problems logically. This is similar to the life of any computer. Humans gain information through the senses. Computers gain similar information through a video camera, a microphone, a touch pad or screen, and it is even possible for computers to crush scent and chemicals. Humans also gain information through books, other people, and even computers, all of which computers can access through software, interfacing, and modems. For the past year vernacular recognition software products have become mainstream(Lyons,176). All of the ways that humans gain information are mimicked by computers. Hu mans then proceed to break apart and store the information accordingly. This is a computers main function in todays society. Humans then take all of this information and solve problems logically. This is where things get complex. There are expert systems that can solve complex problems that humans train their whole lives for. In 1997, IBMs Deep Blue defeated the world champion in a game of chess(Karlgaard, p43). Expert systems design buildings, configure airplanes, and diagnose breathing problems. NASAs Deep Space One probe left with software that lets the probe diagnose problems and pin down itself(Lyons).

Dishonor in Antigone and Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay -- Greek

The belief and concept of cast down in the Greek and Colombian culture of Antigone, by Sophocles, and Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, is a deciding aspect that blinds characters moral values. It is evident that in both societies Greek and Colombian, a family or an soul without honor is an outcast to the community. As honor plays a drastic role in outlining the culture of the society. Therefore the belief that a perpetrator has brought shame upon the family, or community foreshadows punishment for the individual, often conveyed through devastation. Sophocles provides a setting in his play, Antigone, where the honor code of rules and principles that govern the Greek community, are based upon Creons patriarchy of immoral natural law. Where the worst death is a clouded (97) one whose foggy setting brings dishonor upon the individual, and his family. Polynecies is an example Sophocles uses to highlight the significance of a burial, in the Greek society. Poly necies is a victim of Creons code of honor, which through grotesque diction, Sophocles describes his body as being immorally exposed the vultures left unwept and unburied (29) after miserably fighting turning against his brother in a battle for Thebes, in which he turned against him. Causing him to die outside the law (59) bringing great dishonor to the corpse as it is with a lack of respect, left unburied due to tyranny, but also damns it for all time and dishonors his family. Creons laws are flaw, harsh and immoral, they charge on the gods who live forever (788), up to the point were his actions seize his good mind, (791) and deprive him of moral thought. Creons restrictive democracy motivates Polynecies sister Antigone, who... ...reshadow a death through the blinding process of moral values and actions taken by an individual that has, or whose family has been dishonored and wishes to regain their dignity. Sophocles in Antigone portrays the theme of dishonor through the cultura l value of burial in the Greek society Gabriel Garcia Marquez on the other hand, condemns the legate of marriage to honor in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Both cultural norms manage in context to inflict with the characters family honor, which leads them into taking immoral and ruthless actions that lead to the innocent death of Antigone and Santiago Nasser, both innocent individuals. Works CitedGarca, Mrquez Gabriel, and Gregory Rabassa. Chronicle of a Death Foretold A Novel. New York Vintage International, 2003. instillSophocles, and Paul Woodruff. Antigone. Indianapolis Hackett Pub., 2001. Print

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C.

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C. ChurchillWe are currently performing a piece of drama called The Crucible andhave studied a play called Vinegar Tom. The Crucible was writeby Arthur Miller in 1953 and was set in Salem, Massachusetts USA in1692. Vinegar Tom was written in the 1970s and was set in the 17thcentury. Although Vinegar Tom was written about the 17th century,the ideas parallel those of the issues of the 1970s. The issue wasfeminism. Although women were beginning to work the same jobs as men,their reinforcement were drastically different, with men being paid a lot morefor the same job. More women started to go to university in order togain the qualifications that would enable them to do the jobs that mendid. Some parts of the play reflect the feminist issues that werehappening at the time the story was written. In The Crucible theissues surrounding the time of when the play was written wasMcCarthyism. Arthur Miller was interested not on ly in the Salem witchtrials, but also the more current affairs of the USA. The opposinglook on communism sparked a massive conspiracy theory that setneighbours, friends and family against each other. People were accusedof being communists, and, in order to free their name and the lay on the line ofbeing blacklisted, they had to give the names of other that werecommunists. This set off a long chain of innocent people that wereaccused by people essay to free t...

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C.

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C. ChurchillWe are currently performing a piece of drama called The Crucible andhave studied a play called Vinegar Tom. The Crucible was inditeby Arthur Miller in 1953 and was set in Salem, Massachusetts USA in1692. Vinegar Tom was written in the 1970s and was set in the 17thcentury. Although Vinegar Tom was written about the 17th century,the ideas parallel those of the issues of the 1970s. The issue wasfeminism. Although women were beginning to work the same jobs as men,their requital were drastically different, with men being paid a lot morefor the same job. More women started to go to university in order togain the qualifications that would enable them to do the jobs that mendid. Some parts of the play reflect the feminist issues that werehappening at the time the story was written. In The Crucible theissues surrounding the time of when the play was written wasMcCarthyism. Arthur Miller was interested not only i n the Salem witchtrials, but also the more current affairs of the USA. The opposinglook on communism sparked a massive conspiracy theory that setneighbours, friends and family against each other. People were accusedof being communists, and, in order to free their name and the take chances ofbeing blacklisted, they had to give the names of other that werecommunists. This set off a long chain of innocent people that wereaccused by people exhausting to free t...

Monday, May 27, 2019

Hip Hop Essay

Music has been around since the beginning of civilization. Music was used to give out myths, religious stories, and warrior tales. Since the beginning of civilization euphony has greatly progressed. Music chill out tells a story, we know only when devour many genres to satisfy the cultural and neighborly tastes of our modern society. hep skitter is a genre of medicine that has significantly grown the last couple of decades. Its increased popularity has brought it to the forefront of globalization. Technological advances has make it easy for pelvic arch skim to string out out globally.This occurrence of globalization is a key example that as our cultural borders are broken down in the mouth by technology, our own cultural and tender practices become fluid. Although there are many positive and negative comments about the globalization of Hip skip, it is a disapproval of the growing phenomenon occurring all over the world. Hip hop originated in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term smash is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop can withal be described as an entire sub polish (Hip hop-skip, 2004).The term Hip vamoose is said to have come from a joke between Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and their friends (Hip skim, 2004). Although Hip skitter was pull ind on American soil, its influences are global. It can be said that Hip vamoose might be a result of cultural globalization. Hip jump has root in African, Caribbean, and Latino culture (Hip Hop Globalization and Youth Culture, 2005). Spoken word, which is still popular today is also an influence in Hip Hop music and culture. Spoken word is a style of poetry spoken in a rhythmic fashion.Hip Hop ranges from rap music, to B-boy dance. It was a platform to empower ethnic youth without violence. Hip Hop in the beginning was essentially still an underground subculture. It was popular with many ethnic communities but it was not popula r in the mainstream music industry. This all changed with the band Blondie and their song Rapture. Rapture is one of the first rap songs to reach the top of the charts in mainstream pop music. Although Blondie is a punk/rock band, they were the proper catalyst to give Hip Hop the mainstream attention it deserved. Hip Hop has changed since its birth in the 1970s.Hip Hop is now apart of the mainstream music scene. It is not uncommon to see artist from different genres collaborating with Hip Hop artists. It is also not uncommon to see Hip Hop music and culture in movies, television shows, and commercials. In the bygone you would only see muckle from ethnic communities wearing Hip Hop clothing, now all races including Asian, Caucasian, etc have accepted the Hip Hop style. The drug-addicted matter has also changed. In the past Hip Hop lyrics focused on policy-making and societal frustrations, now Hip Hop lyrics steer more toward provocative content.Hip Hop subject matter consists mos tly of the aspirations of wealth, sex, drug use, and criminal activity. During the beginning years the age of the Hip Hop listener was wide spread. It ranged from teens to even adults in their 50s. Although Hip Hop still has an adult audience, it is now more geared toward younger audiences. Younger listeners are more likely to purchase Hip Hop music and paraphernalia, than the elderer audience. As Blondie helped Hip Hop garner increased exposure in the United States, The internet and other advancements in technology helped Hip Hop gain global exposure.Technological changes in the late twentieth century and early xx-first have enabled access to the kind spaces previously bounded by time and geographic borders a process identified by John Thompson as mediazationa flow of images across time and space (Hip Hop Globalization and Youth Culture, 2005). The internet has created a world without barriers and borders. The internet helps connect people from Hong Kong, to people in Bellevue, Washington. Without the internet we would not have social networking. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, exposes us to different ideas, cultures, and music.MySpace is the leading social networking site when it comes to music. MySpace allows musicians from all over the globe to share their music with a different audience. User can find international music that they would not have been exposed to if MySpace was not created. Because of these connections to international music outlets Hip Hop has been able to spread to many countries. Many Countries have acquired Hip Hop into their own music scene. Many of these countries have mixed Hip Hop with their own popular music to form a new kind of Hip Hop.As more music driven social networking sites are created blending of different music cultures allow for be the norm. Japan has been one of the top countries for globalization of music. You can find reggae, dance hall, death metal, or Hip Hop blaring from clubs. Hip Hop has been the most popular type of music to globalize into the Japanese music market. Japan was introduced to hip hop in the fall of 1983 in the movie buggy Style (Japanese Hip Hop, 2010). This movie created an underground buzz. Soon Hip Hop in Japan began to be embraced by the Japanese youth. They ere stimulate by the popular B-boy style of the western Hip Hop Culture. In the 21st Hip Hops popularity has become mainstream.Young Japanese listeners have also adopt the dress culture as well, wearing baggy clothes, and backward caps. Because Hip Hop in America focuses on the sonorous life vivacious in the ghetto, some think that Japanese Hip Hop is not authentic. With a lack of ghettos, Japanese youth consider hip hop to be more about fashionbaggy jeans, medallions, dread locks. Actual Japanese rap lyrics have a tendency to refer to mundane subjects such as food, cell phones, and shopping (Japanese Hip Hop, 2010).The Japanese subculture of blackfacers whitethorn also chall enge Japanese Hip Hop authenticity. The Japanese pop group, the Gosperats, has been cognize to wear black face makeup during performances (Japanese Hip Hop, 2010). This example of imitation will most likely not be embraced by western Hip Hop Heads (Avid Hip Hop Listeners). Many would think that instead of taking Hip Hop into their own hands and constructing something different and new for the genre, they just ride on the backs of western Hip Hop creativity. Brazil is some other country that has adopted Hip Hop culture into their own culture.Brazilian Hip Hop was born in the barrios (ghettos) of Brazil. The Brazilian youth were drawn to the western Hip Hop culture. Hip Hop gave them a platform to voice the political and economic turmoil of donjon in the barrio. To escape their impoverished lives, break dancers, DJs, graffiti artists, and rappers would meet at the Largo de Sao Bento and in the center of Sao Paulo on weekends, where Brazilian raps distinctive live (often incorporat ing roots, samba, and reggae) and lyrics began to be developed (Popular Music, 2005).This integration of Hip Hop and Brazilian based music birthed Baile fawn. Baile Funk can be described as Hip Hop as it might sound in the post-apocalyptic wasteland of Mad Max (Edlund, 2005). This wild sound of Baile Funk screams the pain of the Brazilian slums. Brazilian Hip Hop has garnered much respect world wide. Its authentic sound, and unapologetic, infectious beats have inspired artist everywhere. Because the Brazilian youth choose to bilk the Brazilian and hip hop sound, they are respected for their originality.Latin Hip Hop is significant because of the terminal proximity that Latino countries such as Mexico and Cuba are to America. Latino Hip Hop developed within the youth community. The Latino youth could relate to the hard life Hip Hop artist had in the ghetto. Many Latino Hip Hop acts were created by youth frustration in substandard living conditions. Because of the border between Me xico and the United States, Mexican Hip Hop was greatly influenced by western Hip Hop. The mixture of Spanish lyrics with American ones created a Spanglish sound. hold in Machete, founded in 1995, is most accurately classified as hip-hop, blended with the distinctive sounds of traditional Mexican guitar harmonies and the rhythms of danzon (Popular Music, 2005). This mix was used to target the Mexican youth to seek change of political and social problems amongst the Mexican community. These Mexican Hip Hop bands have also garnered a substantial following in the United States because of the close proximity to the U. S. music flowing in both directions increase the influence of the Mexican music scene (Popular Music, 2005).Cuba is another Latin country affected by Hip Hop music. Even though trade and travel between the United States and Cuba is restricted ,Hip Hop has still been able to influence their music. Cuban citizens were suppressed in many ways including free speech in journali sm. Music was the only outlet to air political, economic, and social grievances. Songs about prostitution, street life, poverty, domestic violence, obsession with money, class differences, and the lack of spiritual and ethical values abound, and their biting, poetic criticism is a refreshing antidote to the islands lifeless press (Cuban Hip Hop, 2008).Lastly, Europe has not been able to dodge the influence of Hip Hop culture. The British Hip Hop scene is still forming an audience in the United States, while it has wide spread popularity in its native U. K. British grime is the fusion of cockney slang with hard beats, and Hip Hop flavor. The style grew out of Londons mostly black projects, called council estates, sometime around 2002, and spread via pirate radio, which functions in Britain essentially as mix tapes do here (Edlund, 2005). French Hip Hop is also alive in Europe.This is an incredible feat because French culture is usually very resistant to American influences. Although French Hip Hop is mainstream in Europe, it has not garnered much success in the states. Throughout the past twenty years, the French hip-hop community has cultivated its own style and sensibilities while staying closely connected to American artists via music videos, concerts, radio, and other media (Hip Hop Music and Culture, 2005). in that location are many questions about the true authenticity of these forms of Hip Hop.With the exception of the Japanese Hip Hop Movement, it can be said with confidence that authenticity has been achieved. While the Japanese Hip Hop movement stays true to the old school rap values and mentality, it does not go further than that. It does not seek to mix cultural influences with its music like the other countries. The European, Latino, and Brazilian Hip Hop movement have all mixed their culture, old and new to build something that is truly their own.By adding each countries unique social, economic, and political turmoil, each international Hip Hop g enre sings a song of oppression, pain, and take to for the future that their own culture can relate to and value. Besides the Japanese Hip Hop community all other Hip Hop communities chose to hybridize their cultures with Hip Hop. The Japanese Hip Hop culture sought to homogenize itself. They seem to be more focus on imitating American Hip Hop life instead of building their own experiences. The adaptation of Hip Hop internationally is not really different in each country.Although there problems may be different, they have the common denominator of being powered by the youth. Each Cultures youth has grabbed hold of the Western Hip Hop ideals to create their own individuality in their own country. Also, Hip Hop seems to flourish is poor societies. These artist have more heart felt words to speak and genuine creativity because when you are brought up in such poor societal conditions that is sometimes all you have to hold on to. Hip Hop proves to be the voice of the people that may no t be able to speak for themselves in conventional ways.Globalization has allowed many people who would not have the means to speak up, to be able to take center stage. Many believe that globalization will be the end of individuality and creativity. This has been a possible action that seems to fail when put up against Hip Hop globalization. Hip Hop Globalization has proven to hybridize communities and music,that in the end forms something that has never been seen before. Globalization may prove that instead of making the world flat, it will create new mountains and craters of creativity that were never imagined.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

BACP Ethical Framework Focus Essay

Considering a way to ethically monitor what I do with guests is a truly fire bea for me. I said to my executive program very betimes on in our working relationship that at that place was no way for her to know if whatever work was actually taking place in the room, because there was no practical way to observe my practice. Although this was part in jest, I am genuinely intrigued that there is so much work going on around individuals welf are, with no real way of ensuring it is healthy, productive, passe-partout and appropriate. My supervisor told me that, if work was not occurring, then this would be clear in supervision, and my retention of clients. I deliver kept this in mind if my thoughts contribute ever wandered since. I depend, for me, there is a level of confidence, I can only hope this comes as a response of a level of competence. Within OnTrak it has been menti aced by my supervisor and senior staff that I am successful at retaining what can often be a very spo radic client group. I think that the young people I work with must be getting something from the process, or they simply would not return OnTrak work to tick off clients are informed of the Ethical fashion model for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy from their initial assessment. It is covered (along with the agencies specific policies) during a clients assessment with a senior practitioner. The core components are then covered by myself at the first session and then covered as and when necessary. An example of this would be a client who missed a session and, at the next session, told me he had done so because he was not entirely sure of the confidentiality boundaries around fell activity. He had missed the session because he knew I would make him talk about it, after subsequent discussion we worked to clarify this to mean he would inadequacy to talk about it on some level, and knew I would encourage this as an empathic result. By restating the confidentiality cond itions I was able to reassure the client, and positive work continued. I think, like any profession, there will be bad counsellors in operation, I view that the reasons for (and importance of) working within an ethical framework ensure that clients can, at the very minimum, be met by an individual who will do no harm, even if they are not able to help the individual hap with their issues. In order to ensure that my relationships with clients are bounded by this professional framework they are invited to discuss the ethical guidelines throughout thesessions, and encouraged to research any areas they are unsure of on the BACP website.When we did an exercise in club around the contracting and boundary setting that takes place in our cause sessions some class members thought mine was a bit lengthy. In my get under ones skin my initial contracting would pee been fairly focussed exactly, with experiences of subsequent clients, I have show it necessary to include more areas for the client to be aware of, which lengthens this initial exchange. As an example of this, I was approached in a bar by one clients friends who asked about our counselling relationship. The client has obviously pointed me out, and this led to the encounter. I politely declined talking about any client issues, using client confidentiality as the reason, and have been really clear with subsequent clients what expectations we have if contact outside of the counselling room occurs. Considering the values covered in the Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy, I think three stand out for me Ensuring the integrity of practitioner-client relationships. This is key to me due(p) to my professional background alongside these studies. I work at a local school and the pastoral role I have means there are frequent make where young people can be in a state of incongruence and display a lack of consequential thinking. This means it is crucial to be empathetic, but also a ware of self-preservation too, both emotionally (to avoid transference) and also professionally (to avoid any questioning of professionalism or allegations of inappropriateness. I have found this lends itself really well to my counselling practice as I am hyperaware of any situations that could be misconstrued, and commit I can interpret clients struggling with boundaries in their own awareness. One female client was displaying inappropriate sexual overtones, so this was discussed with my supervisor and addressed within subsequent sessions. Fostering a sense of self that is meaty to the person(s) concerned. With the clients at OnTrak, so many of their presenting issues can be attributed, at least in part, to an unawareness of self. Often exacerbated by a need to be what others (parents, teachers etc) believe they should be. For me, the real turning point is when these young people find their own voice, as I have managed to do myself, then they also begin to retard that they can c reate their own sanctuary. Striving for the fair and adequate provision of counselling and psychotherapy services.This one represents somewhat of a challenge for me,personally. Within OnTrak we are a self-referral only agency. A group I struggle with, due to my own beliefs, is the client base with OnTrak who simply dont privation to be there. Although self-referral suggests clients have made the autonomous decision to enter therapy, we have a number of clients who feel coerced to attend, this can be through pressure from parents, or sinister suggestion from GP and/or school. Due to my own reticence to access personal therapy, and feeling obligated to attend sessions. I can relate to clients who are in therapy against their will, I empathise with them (perhaps there is an element of envy as well) and encourage clients to move on if they are not in a place to access therapy positively. Therefore, whilst I feel 100% that we have adequate facilitation of a therapeutic practice, I do s ometimes question how fair it is, from the aspect of clients who would rather be somewhere else. Something I have struggled with in many jobs since I returned from my time living and working overseas in the idea of professional standards. I am very reluctant to do anything which stops me from expressing my of creativity and style but, as this usually does not represent a very corporal outlook, I understand there are some parts of my external appearance that clients may struggle with, particularly my tattoos and piercings. I resolved from fairly early on that it would be inappropriate to have my larger tattoos on show I have experienced how judgemental people can be and did not want to risk the client-counsellor relationship to take on any negative connotations due to transference.There was one occasion that this potentially represented an issue, my supervision overran one week and, although I had allowed myself time to get changed, it meant that I would potentially be meeting a c lient in a top that revealed my chest tattoo. This offered several interesting areas of focus, my supervisor offered to give me a lift to my home to get changed (I saw this as blurred lines, so politely declined), the supervisor was the one who initially highlighted there may be an issue (which raised the familiar sense of being judged) and it meant the client session would start a little later on this occasion, which could pertain the client and myself. I think there is a definite expectation of clients (particularly being young at OnTrak) and I do not necessarily realize that. Clients have mentioned on several occasions that I am not what they expected, and I think sometimes I struggle with the behaviour, dress, and communication with professional peers due to my issuewith supervision and being submissive. I believe I have competence and integrity when it comes to my clients wellbeing, but this sometimes goes missing when dealing with colleagues. I have the same perspective to m y counselling as I do in my role at the school, to use the Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapys ideas of ethical principles I put great value in beneficence and exceptice. The clients (or, in my professional capacity, the students) are key, and thus they engulf most of my concern. This can put me out of sync with colleagues and classmates as I struggle to see the link between peer feedback & guidance, and professional progression. I am working to build bridges with colleagues, my supervisor and classmates, but I think there is a definite desire to relate to the clients, not the experts.Although I have been at the agency for three years, I already have quite a varied anecdotal base of experience to draw from. Specific prep at the agency allowed me to look at areas that may be accessed (consciously or unconsciously) while dealing with this client type, this fosters a sense of competence, but also resilience to the issues these clients may be bringin g. There have been cases where I have had to consider my limits as a trainee, particularly a client who brought legal issues to our sessions. After disclosing her experience of sexual abuse from a sibling during one of our sessions I signposted a client to the local sexual assault centre. This was done after discussion with my supervisor and senior staff at the agency, and involved one of the senior staff joining us for part of a session. I initiated that, as I treasured to ensure the clients needs were being met, but accepted that I may not be best placed to do so at the time. Another client believed her cousin was having inappropriate relationships with minors. Again, this was explored away from the sessions to help me see where I was struggling, and how much of my self was potentially playing out in the sessions. The outcome of this was that a youth worker at the youth club where this boy was meeting young girls was made aware of his activity (with the clients permission, and di rection) and acted according.One of the things my supervisor and senior staff at the agency acknowledge is my ability to recognise my responsibility to clients. When I started at the agency I had my provisional period extended by six months. This was not dueto my inability to work with clients (which was made clear to me), but a result of my poor administration. initially this was a struggle, I was working well with clients, having positive outcomes and keeping clients engaged, but I have since realised there is a responsibility I have to the wider profession. With CORE forms and client notes (for the agency, not myself) there was an initial distrust as I felt they were retributive box ticking exercises (in truth, a part of me steady believes this), but I now realise they are necessary parts of the process, to ensure the continuation of the agency, and the appropriate records are kept for clients. There is still a sense that I am a child in an adult world for me. Not bonny in my studies, but in life as a whole. This means I can sometimes struggle with expectations of my own conduct within my training group and in the agency setting. As I have said, I believe my time with clients is appropriate, positive and productive, but there is a definite need to be seen as a team pseud and contributor, which I have often struggled with.There are times I will say things in class, or to colleagues in the agency that represent me as an individual, rather than as a professional. I think the gap between these two sides is getting smaller as a result of my personal therapy, and just getting older, but there are still times when I feel the need to censor my views. Unfortunately, this is often retrospectively I believe I can competently demonstrate professional standards in my therapeutic work, but there is still a side of me that can cause issues for me when it comes to peer relationships. However, the comfortableness from this is something I feel within the counselling rel ationships I have. There is something about being in emotional contact with someone at that level that just unlocks empathy, sincerity, respect and humility in me that I struggle to access away from those sessions. I find that as a client as well, not just a practitioner. I agree that the challenge of working ethically means that I will inevitably encounter situations where I have competing obligations and perceptions. I believe that I have the courage to seek support and advice, to ensure that there are no heroic actions I take in haste, which may result in dangerous decisions and consequences for my clients, or myself.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Cold War and Containment Essay

Dated from 1947-1991 the Cold War was an intense economic, political, ideological, and military tension between the powers of the Western world, guide by the United States against the powers of the Eastern world led by the Soviet gist. Because of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) these two countries never came head to head desire previous wars, however they would fight each other in proxy wars. This sustained a high level of hostility throughout the war and 1 point if not the highest point of the conflict was the Cuban Missile Crisis.The Soviet Union placed nuclear weapons in Cuba which would be only 90 miles from the US this would have been devastating to the United States with only Seattle outside the blast radius. The two Ideologies that were at conflict during the cold war were the United States Capitalism vs. the Soviet Union Communism. United States believed in a system where there is more than one political party, limited government interference in peoples lives and overly the factors of production and freedom of speech.On the other hand the Soviet Union had the complete opposite with only one political party, Classless society, government controlled to the highest degree aspects of peoples lives and all factors of production and there was no freedom of speech. Containment was strategies used by the United States to counter the spread of Communism. It was used to counter a series of moves by the Soviet Union after it tries to enlarge its communist influence in Europe and Asia. One way the United States implemented this schema of containment was the Marshal Plan.Named after the then secretary of state George Marshal was a program of monetary support to help in the rebuilding of the European economy. The aim was in operation for four years from 1948 with an approximate spending of $13 billion. Another way they implemented the containment was the Truman Doctrine. This was put forward by the then US President Harry Truman. The doctrine, which had both economic and military elements, pledged support for countries attempting to hold back Soviet-style revolutionary Communism.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Aristotle as a Critic

ARISTOTLE AS A CRITIC. Aristotle (384-322 B. C. E. ), the son of a physician, was the student of Plato from approximately 367 B. C. until his mentors death in 348/347. later on carrying on philosophical and scientific investigations elsewhere in the classical world and serving as the tutor to Alexander the Great, he returned to Athens in 335 B. C. E. to pitch the Lyceum, a major philosophical center, which he used as his base for prolific investigations into many areas of philosophy.Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contri butions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. As a prolific writer and polymath, Aristotle radic in all(a)y transformed most, if not all, areas of association he touched. It is no wonder that Aquinas referred to him manifestly as The Philosopher. In his lifetime, Aristotle wrote as many as 200 treatises, of which only 31 survive.Unfortunately f or us, these works are in the form of lecture mark offs and draft manuscripts never intended for general readership, so they do not demonstrate his reputed polished prose style which attracted many great followers, including the Roman Cicero. Aristotle was the maiden to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. Some of these classifications are still used today. There has been long speculation that the original Poetics comprised two books, our extant Poetics and a lost moment book that supposedly dealt with come ondy and catharsis.No firm evidence for the existence of this second book has been adduced. Our (knowledge of the text of the Poetics depends principally on a manuscript of the tenth or eleventh century and a second manuscript dating from the fourteenth century. (not to write in notes)*. Aristotle could be considered the first popular literary critic. Unlike Plato, who all but condemned written verse, Aristotle breaks it down and analyses it so as to separate the good from the bad. On a number of subjects Aristotle developed positions that significantly differed from those of his teacher.We very clearly note this profound difference of opinion with Plato and, indeed, observe the overt correction of his erstwhile master in Aristotles literary and aesthetic theories. Aristotelian aesthetics directly contradicts Platos proscribe view of art by establishing a potent intellectual role. The principal source of our knowledge of Aristotles aesthetic and literary theory is the Poetics, but outstanding supplementary information is found in other treatises, chiefly the Rhetoric, the Politics, and the Nicomachean Ethics.Aristotles main contribution to criticism may well be the idea that poetry is after all an art with an object of its own, that it can be rationally understood and reduced to an intelligible set of rules (that is, it is an art, according to the definition in the Ethics). The main co ncern of the rules of the Poetics, however, is not with the composition of literary works it is rather with their critical evaluation. Consequently, criticism can be a science, and not a mass of random principles and intuitions. Aristotle speaks of the educative prise of visual, musical and verbal arts.Both the Rhetoric and the Poetics can be considered to be expansions of this view. We might say that Aristotle sets books free from Platos radical moralism and didacticism, while he still expects it to be conformable to a moral understanding of the world. For him, literature is a rational and beneficial activity, and not an irrational and dangerous one, as it was for Plato. Aristotle? s approach to literature is mainly philosophical he is more concerned with the nature and the structure of poetry than with its origin.The origins of poetry had been grounded on the instinct of imitation which is natural to man. The first poetical works were spontaneous improvisations. The origins of the different genres is justified by Aristotle thus Poetry soon branched into two channels, according to the temperaments of individual poets. The more serious-minded among them represented fearful actions and the doings of noble persons, while the more trivial wrote about the meaner sort of people thus, while the one type wrote hymns and anegyrics, these others began by writing invectives. (Poetics II). The development goes by serious or comic epic poems such as those written by Homer to comedy and tragedy these new forms were both grander and more super regarded than the earlier (Poetics II). Aristotle does not, however, decide on whether tragedy (and by implication, literature) has already developed as far as it can but he does assert that it has come to a standstill.Aristotle makes a brief outline of the history of tragedy At first the poets had used the tetrameter because they were writing satyr-poetry, which was more closely related to the dance but once dialogue had been introduced, by its very nature it hit upon the right measure, for the iambic is of all measures the one best suited to speech . . . . Another adjustment was the increased number of episodes, or acts. (Poetics II). Aristotle also deals briefly with the rise of comedy the early history of comedy. . . s obscure, because it was not taken seriously. Comedy had already acquired accepted clear-cut forms before there is any mention of those who are named as its poets. Nor is it known who introduced masks, or prologues, or a plurality of actors, and other things of that kind. Of Athenian poets Crates was the first to discard the lampoon pattern and to adopt stories and plots of a more general nature. (Poetics II). The work of Aristotle as a whole may be considered to be an go about to develop a structural and metalinguistic approach to literature.Although it preserves a concern with valuation, its main thrust is towards the definition of theoretical possibilities and general laws. Some critics have talk of Aristotles sin of omission in relationship with lyric poetry and the inspirational element in literature. This is a fact. But it does not seem so important when we look at what Aristotle does say and the principles he establishes. We can barely recognize the aspect of criticism after Aristotles work, if we compare it to its previous state. His is the most important angiotensin converting enzyme contribution to criticism in the whole history of the discipline.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

The Video Game Industry

Abstract This research paper will coer the different aspects of retch focal point in exposure plucky ext deathment. Focus will likewise be on discussing and overviewing the project lifecycles as it pertains to spicy development. there is also interest in seeing inside the realm of video plump for development how the action of knowledge, various aptitudes, tools, and the techniques ar used. The will also be focus on examining pre- occupation, mathematical product and post outturn in the turn industriousness. Topics will explore issues pertaining to, but not limited to, stakeholder expectations, timeliness of implementation, and optimization of resources. Additionally, information will be given covering the concepts of showdown the needs of businesss vision and mission regarding development and exploring how the identification of and addressing any issues that may arise in game project development.? IntroductionThe video game industry has been steadily growing for ove r almost four decades. From Nintendo to Sony, there have been a myriad of games that have been made for the platform over the transmission line of the video game industry. The initial commercial history of video games and the birth of this industry inevitably begins with the US militarys computer hardware and networks. At the time, infrastructure was beginning to miscue towards facilitating both game development and market consumption. Over the course of almost four decades, many games have been made, but the question is, exactly how are these spectacular pieces of art being made. When people buy video games, their focus is not on the people who in reality make the product, or even on the address it takes to create the game that they own. Consumers only see the end product that is distributed and hit store shelves. For most, their energies and focus are on purchasing the product and investing in actual game p order. However, the process and man power it takes to create a game i s an intricate undertaking. It is stated that the intricacy of modern video games requires workers with varied skill sets such as computer engineers and programmers, visual artists, audio engineers, animators, game designers, writers, and quality assurance testers (Weststar, 2015). For starters the biggest component to game development are video game developers (VGDs) (Weststar, 2015).Additionally, these projects dissolve consist of a producer and studios have a range of speeding managers and administrative personnel. Weststar stated that with project-based model the outputs of each new game are erratic. In submit the environment is complex and uncertain. Coordination among project members is rooted in diffuse and informal power relationships in relation to their roles as it pertains to those that direct the work and those who perform it (Weststar, 2015). Thusly, with the consumer, the process of making video games is a non-factor, largely an unknown, and rarely registers in th e thoughts in most peoples minds. Many again just see the end product, of which is what is their of import motivating factor of going to a retail store and purchasing it. However, there is a select pocket of individuals who are more cognizant of the game development process and they are more greatly invested. For this segment, they faithfully follow their favorite game, or for roughly developer, and will be aware the specifics from the announcement of the game and will stay engaged until the game goes gold. This is, going gold, that the game is finished and ready to be put on a disc and distributed.The creation of each video game is a project with a well-defined production cycle of pre-production, production, and post-production descriptors of which reach require different and various resources (Weststar, 2015). HistoryBefore one domiciliate actually delve it the game development process, it is important to have some background understanding on the development of the gaming indu stry. Nolan Bushnell is credited as the pioneer of the world(a) commercial video game industry. Bushnell was the founder of Atari and is responsible for generations of home and arcade gaming hardware and software including the truly influential game, Pong (Grantham Readman, 2006). Arcades games were very normal and peaked in the early 1980s. As time progressed and newer technologies burst onto the market most titles were converted to play on the evolving home technology home computers and consoles (Grantham Readman, 2006). It was also during this time of change and development, many independent developers and publishers started to emerge. One of the most noted and widely known, Activision for example, was founded by former Atari developers seeking greater ownership and control over their developments (Grantham Readman, 2006).Over time people have come to recognize software games as new and very popular mode of visualisetainment and an important application of technology. This outlook has become increasingly accepted and by people of all ages. In todays culture, technology is easily accessible and has become more convenient. In turn more and more people like to play games and are also becoming motivated to design their own games. Also, software games are gaining importance because they are not only used for entertainment, but also for serious purposes that mountain be applicable to different domains such as education, business, and health care (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, & Ahmed, 2016). grainy Development cropPre-productionAs with any industry as it relates to project development, within the gaming industry, pre-production is the beginning material body of the life of a game, the project. It is during this variety that developers/project managers determine how pertinacious will it take to game to make, the personnel needed, and the budget needed to make the proposed project. During pre-production it is paramount that very specific goals are fleshed ou t of which will be all important(p) to a successful project. Walfiz, Zackariasson and Wilson pointed out that certain elements are fundamental to projects commitment to timing, staying within a budget, and producing an output (Zackariasson, Walfisz, & Wilson, 2006). Also, it is important to note that, these fundamentals are real before the project starts, and thus commit both parties to specific activities/objectives.Drew Liming and Dennis Vilorio states that in the pre-production phase, the locomote designers outline a game concept with the help of lead artists and programmers (Liming & Vilorio, 2011). Additionally, it is at this time that the lead designers might select special gambol(s), such as an innovative gameplay element, or powerful graphics, that will make the game unique (Liming & Vilorio, 2011). It was also pointed out that when the game finally receives the funding needed, programmers begin building its technological framework (Liming & Vilorio, 2011).Pre-production considerations tends to produce a hierarchy of plans that draw the project and the pre-production phase is instrumental in producing the basis on which to build the game (Zackariasson, Walfisz, & Wilson, 2006). The over-ridding goal of pre-production is essentially to create a game plan that will be the alley map in which the player(s) will finish the game. The game plan mustiness include information of the game concept, the unique feature(s), the constraints that affect this concept, and analyzing jeopardy assessment.Risk management is a necessary aspect of game project development.Alem, Carpatz and Ahmed states that the importance of risk management is essential for the efficiency of game development. Thusly this is often the focus for project management (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, & Ahmed, 2016). Alem, Carpatz and Ahmed also state, that it is with the upmost importance to identify risk factors early in the game development process (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, & Ahmed, 2016). Du ring game development, the project manager is the games producer and must bring together management, the technical components, and the appealing aspects to create a successful video game.They also identified two risk factors that must be communicate during this development process failure of development strategy and absence of the fun factor (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). Additionally, it is important to realize that in game development, other important risk factors can have an impact such as the development strategy, the fun factor or extent of originality, scheduling, and budgeting. With these, there will always be some level of the unknown when addressing risk factors. Taking time early on to identify risks is paramount as there will always be unlooked-for issues in a project. Working to minimize as many issues initially will decrease unadvantageous developments later in the project development/production cycle. Thus, competent work done during pre-production will w ork to minimize or even eliminate unforeseen issues.ProductionNow that the risks, personnel, and assets are identified, for the project, it can now to enter the production phase. Thusly, the completion of the prototype signals the start of the production phase of development (Liming Vilorio, 2011). During the production phase the project police squad can now move forrard with focusing on the cusp of the project work. Energies can now finally be channeled towards actual development of the game. It is importance to note that certain aspects of the work can be initiated during pre-production. Thus, there can be at times, some objectives running concurrent and simultaneously with those that are just commencing. Even though the project team is in full stride during this phase, and most of the ideas are being carried out, some new plans can happen that may have an impact and thus shorten work. For starters, assets can be added or even removed at this point.Accordingly, with these alte rations, it is important that changes are accurately noted and are effectively communicated to the project team, the developer, studio upper management, and the publisher. Making such changes are crucial and essential and must be relayed in a timely manner. It is imperative that during development, the project document continues to remain as a point of reference for the entire project team. As pointed out by Liming and Vilorio, during the production phase, teams of designers, artists, and programmers use the project document as a guide to ensure efficient game creation (Liming Vilorio, 2011).When the plan is communicated to the project team, it is the role of the project manager to remain vigilant on keeping the plan up to date. Ensuring that there is sound communication and a streamlined vision/design, will allow the project teams to collaborate to make the most of each others expertise (Liming & Vilorio, 2011). There is feedback during production that helps the project team revis e the document as needed. For instance, feedback might encompass how to improve a games mechanics, or more so, remove an unfeasible feature (Liming Vilorio, 2011).Throughout production, developers continually build improved versions of the game. This allows for the creation of more content that is better looking, more streamlined within a design, and thus is more polished (Liming Vilorio, 2011). Liming and Viliorio also went on further to state that the conclusion of the production phase is that the fully playable game includes art, music, and sound effects. This milestone is referred to as content complete. (Liming Vilorio, 2011).Post production Production ends when the developer and publisher agree that no more features are needed thus, no features are added during post-production. Instead, the main goal of this phase is to finalize software quality. The post-production phase starts at least three months before the end-of-project deadline. During post-production the focus is o n playing the game to test for errors, called bugs, and on tweaking it to eliminate unwanted elements (Liming Vilorio, 2011).Post-production is key for the game develop process as quality assurance and process validation are critical components. The quality assurance staff tests the game by playing it and attempting to do things the development staff never considered (Liming Vilorio, 2011). It is during this time that such things as bugs and compatibility issues are fixed. Additionally, work will be done to ensure that all coding is optimized. Process validation plays an important role in assessing game quality. Also, during this phase, the development process as a whole is analyzed. Collection and evaluation of process data from the pre-production phase with to the post-production phase can provide evidence that the overall development process produces a good-quality game. Congruously, analysis can depict either product errors, in-complement coding, or that the final product doe s not measure up to expectations. It is known, as the game testers find bugs, they document the errors and assign them to a programmer, designer, or artist to be communicate and fixed (Liming Vilorio, 2011).Efficiently identifying and correcting issues is essential for the game roll-out deadline. Additionally, the developer may sometime want the game put into consumer hands before official release. Such instances could be in the form of advance releases, or advance copies for select consumer interrogatory and gameplay which is a marketing strategy in gaming. Developers also use beta test. Beta testing in games is used to gage overall game functionality using external testers or a select segment of identified consumers (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). Beta testing is a kind of first public release for testing purposes by users. Game publishers often find it effective because bugs are identified by users that were missed during the in-house testing process (Aleem, Fernand o- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). Dealing with bugs and tweaks can make postproduction time-consuming. Thus, the process may take as long as production, especially for more complex games that have large budgets (Liming Vilorio, 2011).ConclusionThe video game industry has grown tremendously over the last four decades. From Nintendo to Sony, a plethora of games have been made over the course of the video game industry. Games, the end-products, are the results of the efforts of many. The process of video game development is an intricate undertaking. The production cycle encompasses a myriad of derivatives which adhere to pre-production, production, and post-prediction phases. During the entire production cycle of a game key players such as computer engineers and programmers, visual artists, audio engineers, animators, game designers, writers, and quality assurance testers are involved.The pre-production phase helps lay out the groundwork and plan that will be followed as the game develops. During pre-production specific goals are fleshed out and key fundamental elements to the project are identified. It also during this phase that focus is on working to minimize as many issues initially. This works to decrease unneeded or potentially negatively impacting developments later in the project development/production cycle. During the production phase the project teams main focus is on the actual creation of the game. It is during the production phase that new plans can happen which can have impact and alter work. A project document is used to ensure efficient game development and thus the project manager must ensure that the plan is up to date. Additionally, the project manager will work to ensure that there is sound communication for the entire team.When the game has entered post-production, the focus is on playing the game to test for errors and other unwanted elements. There is a lot of focus on quality assurance. Within the gaming industry, testing can be done both in-h ouse and the use of a select segment of consumer beta testers. Though most consumers only see the end product that is distributed and hit store shelves, there is a lot that has happened to ensure that the they will have a quality game playing experiences. Additionally, there is a select pocket of consumers who are more engaged development process and have a greater apperception for the game development process. Overall there is a great deal that transpires in the development of a game. From stakeholder expectations to timeliness of implementation, a lot of resources have been invested to create that end-product game. Understanding the life of a game through the lens of game development production cycle helps to foster a heightened appreciation for the final product.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Coagulation and Flocculation Essay

1.0 IntroductionIn this lab, we are conducting two experiments on natural spring up piddle. The first experiment is to conduct jar tests to estimate an optimum pane of iron salt to remove suspended solids. The seconds experiment is to observe the rate of floc formation nad sedimentation.2.0 BackgroundCoagulation and FlocculationCoagulation and flocculation are important part in wet and wastewater treatment. Coagulation is the destabilization of particulate weigh by physical or chemical processes. Flocculation is the formation of larger particles that will settle out of the solution. They are usually the first form of treatment of water and wastewater to remove suspended matter or color.Jar tests are used as a control test for plant operations. Aluminum or iron salts can be used to for coagulation of particles and to form flocs that can settle out. Coagulation and flocculation tests provide the optimum dosages to remove turbidity and color, along with unoriginal effects such as adjusting pH. Jar tests also provide information on the amount of energy needed to provide the coagulation and flocculation treatments, as intumesce as settleability of the flocs, and clarity of the water. They can also be used to study basic processes, for instance, kinetics of reactions and removal of constituents.3.0 ProcedureDetermination of Optimum Coagulant venereal diseaseTo determine the optimum coagulation dosage, a series of jar tests were conducted. First, 400 mL of clay and sodium bicarbonate amended DI water was measured and poured into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask using a graduated cylinder. The initial pH of that sample was then measured and recorded. The predetermined dose of coagulant was poured into a 100mL graduated cylinder and DI water was added to reach a total solution volume of 100 mL. A stir bar was added to the Erlenmeyer flask along with the coagulant dose. The flask was then placed on a magnetic stir plate was quickly mixed for one minute.After a minute of rapid mixing, the speed was reduced to low and the solution underwent slow mixing for ten proceeding. The flask was then removed from the magnetic plate and was allowed to settle. Samples were extracted from the top of the flask later five, ten, and fifteen minutes had elapsed using a 10 mL sampling syringe. Special care was taken to not disturb the sediment plot of ground sampling. The sample was transferred from the syringe to a vile, shaken, and placed in a Turbidimeter to determine the turbidity.The turbidity was recorded and the vile was emptied and rinsed between each sample. After fifteen minutes had elapsed and the last turbidity reading had been recorded, the pH of the sample was measured and recorded. The sample was then dumped into a specified waste container, the flask was rinsed with tap water and DI water, and the entire experiment was repeated using a new specified coagulant dose.4.0 Results and DiscussionAfter plotting turbidity against dosage from our results, we found that the optimum dosage of coagulant to be 1000 mg/L Fe2O3 as shown in Figure 1. Also, longer settling times produced lower levels of turbidity, with 15 minutes creation most successful. Optimum pH for a coagulant is determined empirically from laboratory testing by keeping dosage constant and testing a pH range for optimal coagulation. Generally after adding Fe2O3, final pH decreased. Although we did not perform this in the lab, our samples had best success with a pH somewhat 6.5 as seen in Table 1.Mixing speed is also important in coagulation and flocculation. Initially flash mixing is used, where high mixing speeds spit the coagulant planely throughout the container. Later, slower mixing speeds are used to promote particle collisions, which lead to larger floc formations. The lab is performed this way because higher(prenominal) speeds will help disperse the coagulant but will break up the flocs that form. By reducing the speed to slow after one minute, it allows for an even dispersion but also the formation of flocs.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15

What did your mum do for fun at the age of fun when she was 15? What consort of c beer prospects did she have? What sort of food would she have eaten and what would she have viewed as cool? This essay is going to attempt to explore the differences between my mums life at 15 and mine.My mum at 15 went to a boarding school in Devon, and so her leisure time was structured. My mothers TV viewing was decided by two prefects and the headmistress. At 15 I mostly choose what I watch on television and this varies from Eastenders to Big Brother, whereas the highlight of my mothers viewing every hebdomad was TOTP. The girls were never allowed into town except for dental treatment and could only go to the shops if the matrons helper was in a good mood and would let them.By the let down fifth (year 10) the year would have its own common room where they would listen to records by the Rolling Stones and Tamla Motown and talk. My mother told me that after half terms and exeats she and her friends having pooled their money unitedly would have midnight feasts. Midnight feasts argon now a feature of most sleepovers and shopping in town is a regular occurrence. As for music it has progressed from records to CDs and from the Rolling Stones to the Darkness. Although we do not have a common room we are now from year 10 upwards aloud to be in our form room at lunch.When my mother was 15 job prospects for women were still pretty limited and the expectation was that women should have a job but should give it up at one time married to look after the house and any children. There were few respectable professions for women. There example are nursing, teaching and secretarial work. This is very dissimilar from the prospects for women today. Today so long as you have the qualifications you stand get almost anywhere.In 1970 there were no convenience foods much(prenominal) as pizza from the freezer. My mother remembers most mornings being able to have either a cooked breakfast or toast and cereal. At least once a week there would be a roast dinner as well as Sundays, and also a salad once a week. Desserts were traditionally stodgy such as spotted dick and jam roly poly. There were sometimes non-traditional foods such as paella as the school employed a Spanish cook. Today you can acquire most traditional foods at supermarkets as convenience foods though puddings at school still are mostly the same such as chocolate sponge. Roasts are not as frequent and at most schools you can have salad any day of the week, also food from other cultures are quite common.Fashion styles may have changed since my mother was 15 but the fact that if you were not in the most up to date fashions then you are considered Square has not. When my mother was 15 mini skirts had just gone out of fashion and skirts had gone to the opposite extreme of maxi skirts. Fashions were more fixed, it was either one thing or another and they did not change as often as today.There are 34 yrs between me and my mum being 15 and though some fashions and the names of the bands that teenagers listen to have changed. Teenagers still follow fashion avidly and try to break as many rules as possible regular if boundaries have become wider. Prospects and boundaries may have widened but in essence things have stayed the same.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Macbeth – Notes on Elements of the Gothic in the play

* An Elizabethan audience would have been genuinely terrorise by the events on stage as they believed that witches did exist, murder by witchcraft was made punishable in 1563 thus demonstrating that people during this era believed witches were real and had magical powers.* The theme of equivocation is used by Shakespeare to cozy up the witchs evil nature they use words with double meanings to confuse and disorientate Macbeths thoughts and cause a contravention in his mind (between good and evil).* the weird sisters whilst withal meaning strange the word weird is derived from the gray English wyrd which means fate or destiny, fate is often characterised as 3 old women.* geological fault* Macbeth is promoted to Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan, the audience have yet to meet Macbeth when Duncan makes this decision thus an impression of Macbeth as an honourable man is formed. The significance of this promotion is that Macbeth goes through a transformation from a brave soldier to a g ameer ran fag, and more noble, position.* Macbeths dramatic change in character is amplified in act 3 snap maven as he attempts to annihilate Banquo, his close friend who he held in high respect at the start of the play. As the play progresses there is a steady breakd throw of Macbeths identity, do him to be not himself by the end.A blurring of fantasy and existence* The line between fantasy and reality becomes blurred the pinnacle point of this is in act two scene two after Macbeth enters from the murder. His alternate of mind has been shattered as he feels that he has murdered snooze, there is no range from his evil deeds as he has now become trapped in a liveness nightmare. To Macbeth (who comes over almost trance-like) he is just as vulnerable awake as asleep and to sleep would be too difficult because his mind has become corrupt with evil thoughts. (Macbeth becomes slightly hysterical during this scene as he struggles to make sense of what is happening to him, this is a lso an aspect of disorder)* Is this a dagger which I see before me Macbeth appears tormented by his violent actions, which induce his tragic fall, it is after the murder of the king that he slowly evolves into a mad man who feels out of control with his mental state, it is corrupted thoughts that petabyte him to become power obsessed and thus a murderous, villainous man, his many delusions add to mounting suspense. (This also has links to transformation transformation of the mind)Significant use of setting* Act one scene one opens with Thunder and lightning suggesting that the witches, who have gathered to talk about Macbeth, are somewhere outside.* The play is introduced as Stygian and dangerous, evil is introduced through the stormy weather that symbolises the disorder to come.* In act two scene quaternary Ross and an old man talk about the stormy night, symbolising disruption in the kingdom, there is explicit mystery as the location of the conversation is unclear, conversat ion takes place somewhere outside the castle.* A camp near the battlefield is the setting in act one scene two a battlefield is a place where many people die, later in the play Macbeth becomes a murderer killing several people for un-just reasons. The king discusses the bravery shown by Macbeth and decides to reward him with the title Thane of Cawdor, he is creation rewarded for killing here which could be a slight element of foreshadowing of his ability to kill for his own ends (merciless man).

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Fireweed Case Study Essay

IntroductionFireweed is a short drool written by Skye Brannon about a special day in Balutas life. Baluta is an uneducated work in U.S.A, and lives with his brother Jato and the brothers wife Sama. Baluta has had a rough plump forground, he was witness to his experience and sisters death, and had to flee to America, from Libya from war and hate.Main ThemeThere argon several themes in the invoice, such as, civilisation difference, racism and poverty, but all these, are sub-themes. The overall main theme of this short story must(prenominal) be to cherish the present, and bow out nothing for granted. The fact that Baluta saw his dad getting killed and his sister rape and killed, is a view into an absurd world of violence and hate, described without many feelings. He saw his father, blacken from a tree, on a rope1, and He saw little Alonsos ten-year old body, limp, unclothed in the sun, being passed from one soldier to another, his pants mingling with the dust.2 This is a matt er of course that he will never take anything for granted, because he has learned that he will never know when its going to stop. A more positive sign on the main them, of this short story, is that he is rattling having a better life now, in America. And he wont take that for granted withal though, there are a lot of other people with much better conditions, like Tiffany.The focus the story is structuredFireweed is written with a third person narrator who is omniscient. All the actions are seen from Balutas point of view. Cold like Kpatawee Falls back home, Baluta thought. Yes, today would be a remembering day page 9, line 9. In this quote its clear that the narrator is omniscient since he knows what Baluta thinks. The story is told in the past tense, except for the quotes which are in present.The short story is simple to read, because of the bare(a) language that is being used. It also makes it easier to read when something in the text that catches your attention, like the dia logs between the two brothers, Baluta and Jato, because they communicate with an African accent. Dese Americans, Jato said, if you tell dem your mandika name, dey look loke youve given dem a riddle.3The story also contains a a couple of(prenominal) flashbacks which might get a bit confusing. It is not possible to figure out the story earlier the end, because a lot of important details are revealed that you wont be able to guess. It keeps the seeds attention, and helps out to keep the story exciting and interesting.A Characterization of Baluta/JoelBaluta/Joel is a person that doesnt seek conflicts or controversies with other people which you can see on page 9, line 17 Baluta felt awful for this, but he had to work to get a automobile, and needed a car to get to work and again at page 10 when Tiffany asks Baluta to smash down some diddlyshit which in the theory isnt his job, but he just says Sure, miss because he is a seemly person. Could you please smash down that pile of dirt ? Another example of Baluta trying to fit into the raw(a) society that he is in, is shown by him changing his name from Baluta to Joel, just so he wont be a victim of racism.The fact that Baluta fled from Liberia to a country where he has all these opportunities, that U.S.A provides, makes him not take anything for granted, and I think that Skye Brannon took Tiffany into the story on purpose because she is the exact opposite of Baluta, a rich, white, lady. This has got to be fixed. She looked at Baluta for confirmation. Baluta nodded, but saw nothing wrong. The cabinet was of beautiful hardwood.4 This quote helps to characterize both Baluta and Tiffany.The SettingThe story is built up around three environments the first one is in America, where Baluta lives with his brother and the sister in law. They live very poorly, with cold water in the shower and a car in lousy condition, which they dont contain enough bullion to fix. When he was several numbers away, he took his ft off t he gas. He hoped he could glide to a stop in front of the correct house, otherwise, the Swiss Chevy would let out a loud squeal when he hit the brake.5 This quote shows that they have to take a lot of alternative methods in use, to make it through the day, like saving money on the car.The next environment is even poorer, we hear about his life in Libya. When they would get back to their hut, a square in the shanty-town quilt shadowed by a mountain, Alonso would always tell naan Awa that Baluta had caught some fish.6 Even though Baluta lives in the lower economic class in the U.S, its clam up far better than what he would have obtained in Libya.The last environment is at Tiffanys house, where Baluta has a job to do. She is a rich woman with a monumental house, big lawn, and apparently also big signs of prejudices against African people. When he got out of the car, he noticed a frightened look on her nervus and that she clutched a phone in her hand.7In this quote it is easy to see that, because she belongs to the upper-class, she feels that poorer people might scarcely be here to steal. This is important because it proves the point of one of the storys theme, racism.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

The usage of the Management Challenges and Concerns Report is to indicate the responsibilities of management and how to meet or exceed company goals. Some of the responsibilities of serviceman alternative management consist of providing employees with information on the companys vision, goal, HIPPA privacy rights, and mission statement. In addition, employees receive information on safety rules, insurance benefits, compensation, employee relations, training, and orientation classes. These responsibilities are significant and require application along with strong leaders. Human Resource Managers has to acquire a bachelors or pass overs degree in management, management classes, and pass test.Also human resource management requires the interest characteristics positive, consistent, prompt, role model, team player, and strong leaders. Performance Management consist of appraisal system, driving appraisal process, evaluating employee proceeding, and performance counseling (Brewster & Soderstrom, 1994). Internal issues pertaining to employees consist of productivity, abiding by company rules, safety, passing training classes, and positive crop ethics. Human Resource Management has rules and regulations in the company handbook to ensure consistency at work. These rules and regulations particularise the pace for a productive and professional workplace environment for employees and management. Internal issues may arise as yet it is human resources job to insure the policies put in place are being effective and followed.Staying affiliated with New TalentAnother example and challenge that we seem to face being able to stoppage connected with the and juvenility talent, numerous businesses have increased a presence in social media platforms. umteen companies have established Facebook and LinkedIn accounts to connect with prospective employees few of them have even created specific accounts to attract their young employees toshare their working experiences and h ow satisfied they are with their employers. For example they can share information about its internship programs, how the chief operating officers mission and vision is viewed and keep informed on daily bulletins. Half of the population in the United States is younger than 30 years old and Human Resources managers need to be very awake(predicate) of what the younger people want and need from a career in the workplace and how to attract these talent. lure Technical Talent and Generating Opportunities Although the countrys unemployed rate is still at 9.1%, the need for randomness Technology work force like Electronic Engineers remains a shortage at many an(prenominal) businesses. To appeal higher technical talent, various Human Resource recruiters are going back to educate to search for these talents. Its a challenge, but theres resources out there that can be found and assist in bringing talent to an organization.ReferencesBloomberg BNA Talent Management Among Top Issues Facing H R Professionals in 2013 Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. daybook of Park and Recreation Administration, 22(2) 28-43.Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). Organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22(2) 28-43.Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). Organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22(2) 28-43.Ban, C., Drahnak-Faller, A. & Towers, M. (2003). Human resource challenges in humanservice and community development organizations Recruitment and retention of professional staff. Review of general Personnel Administration, 23(2) 133-153Ban, C., Drahnak-Faller, A. & Towers, M. (2003). Human resource challenges in humanservice and community development organizations Recruitment and retention of professional staff. Review of Public Personnel Administratio n, 23(2) 133-153Brewer, G. A. & Selden, S. (1998). Whistleblowers in the federal civil service New evidenceof the public service ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,8(3) 413-39.Brewer, G.A. & Selden, S. (1999). Job sculpting The art of retaining your best people. Harvard Business Review, 144-152.Press the Escape key to closemouthed

Friday, May 17, 2019

Passing of Risk

In all legal system the super of seek in interchange goods is a big problem and an important event in the sales harmonizement of goods. Once the buyer acquires essay, he reach liable for the scathe even if the goods are lost or damaged. The financial put on the line of and obligation for damage or destruction when property is being transferred between a buyer and a seller. The attempt includes Peril, danger, the chance of firing or injury. Liability for injury, loss, or damage, by statute placed upon the manufacturer quite than the consumer, should it happen from normal use of a product.The Uniform Commercial Code uses a contractual onslaught in allocating the hazard of loss and assumes that the risk is upon the seller until some event occurs that shifts the risk to the buyer. Where the goods are identify and the contract authorizes the seller to ship the goods by carrier, the event necessary to shift the risk of loss is interdependent upon whether the contract is a s hipment or destination contract.Where the contract does non require the transfer of the goods by carrier, risk of loss passes to the buyer upon the taking of physical possession if the seller is a merchant, otherwise risk passes on tender of delivery, unless an agreement to the contrary is made. The phrase is also an insurance term denoting the hazards and perils that an insured is protect against, i. e. , the contingencies or unknown events that are contemplated by the insured and that are covered by the insurance policy. infra English law that is the sale of goods, act 1979 the general rule is that risk passes along with property though there are exceptions to this. The U. N. Sale of Goods Convention, 1980, is silent on the role of the parties intention in the passing of risk nevertheless, the same rule emerges from the whole tenor of the Convention. The civil law applies the rule that the risk falls on the owner of the goods. The U. C. C. provides that risk of loss passes to th e buyer when the goods are delivered to the carrier sect. 2-509(1)(a).In the case of CIF or play a trick on (vessel) contract, the seller need only put the goods into the custody of the carrier and at that point the risk of loss during carriage passes to the buyer. The Vienna convention also contains provisions relating to passing of risk. The consequence of the passing of risk from seller to buyer are passing of risk from seller to buyer are no different from those pitch in English domestic law. condition 66 of Vienna convention is substantively similar as Article 96 of ULIS. The UNCITRAL adopted to provide a uniform law for the international sale of goods.It focuses on the portion of the contract between parties. And also addresses the issue of who bears the risk of loss on a simple point-to-point sale. The dual sales creates problem in transfer goods. A solution is needed for the problem. In the context of risk, the star aspect of the problem of risk is whether the buyer is bound to pay the price although the goods are lost or damaged. In German jurisprudence this aspect of the risk problem is called preisgefahr. In Art 96 of ULIS where the risk has passed to the buyer, he shall pay the price notwithstanding the loss or deterioration of the goods.The provisions on the passing of the risk in INCOTERMS are said to be founded on the same concept, but do not contain an express reference to the price. The UCC and Comecon conditions refrain from defining the risk as denoting price risk. The true denotation of the concept of risk is not treated as the meaning price risk. In another cases the reference to risk cannot denote the price risk because the defaulter, if he is the buyer, will rarely have to pay the price the normal remedies against him are of compensatory character such as damages, compensation or a penalty. Its something real confusing.The trade terms developed by international usage, such as the Comecon conditions, the ECE conditions, and the U CC, treat the concept of the risk in that general manner. In the ULIS, already observed in Art96 refers to the price risk. This obeisance to antiquated precept does not, howevre, imply a real, substantial difference between ULIS and the other international formulations, it only reveals an inelegantia juris in the draftsmanship of ULIS. A number of developing countries objected strenuously to the retroactive passing of risk provisions, and proposed that the risk pass at the conclusion of the contract.CONCLUSION However, the exact moment of the passing of risk under a contract of sale is of prime importance to the parties to a contract of carriage, because, in most cases, it determines who will suffer the consequences should loss or damage ensue. There are some exceptions also for this rule. When the seller fails to deliver the goods within the delay specified, they become at the sellers risk once the buyer gives notice to the seller of the latters default. Another point is that the parties themselves can agree to detach the passing of risk from the passing of title.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Types of Leaders

Knowing your management font can booster you change it if necessary, as certain circumstances whitethorn clamor for such a shift. Below we hold forth five of the most common types of handlers. While most entrepreneurs might relate to one type, the Ideal manager should be able to move from one to an early(a) as the situation warrants. Keep reading to drive which style is right for specific situations and when you should set some of your managerial habits aside and adopt a various one. The Dictator 1 OFF business. Rargonly will they ask for input signal from their employees, and they whitethorn or ay non puzzle out final decisions with their employees in mind.They will usually go it alone when establishing new product lines, creating partnerships or considering new ventures without consulting others in the organization. Dictators largely rely on their own experiences and knowledge to set agendas they feel ruff answer their business needs. When cosmos a dictator works If you are faced with an immediate crisis or other urgent business matter, you will often need to step up and make the decision that is in the best interest of the business without consulting your team offshoot.Some dates quick action is critical, and asking everyone to weigh in or come up with solutions could waste precious time you Just dont deliver. When beingness a dictator may not work While this management style often leads to efficient business operations because however one person is involved in the decision making, it can withal lead to costly oversights and mistakes that wouldnt have occurred had frontline employees been consulted. Managers and executives, no matter how smart or swell-reasoned their decisions, are still susceptible to errors in Judgment. The CollaboratorCollaborative managers are intended of their entire organization and acknowledge the utility of feedback from employees, investors, partners and vendors used to reach business objectives. Collaborators wi ll regularly call meetings to brainstorm ideas. They compel employees to offer feedback on business proposals and may even go as further as designating a devils advocate to pinpoint problems with a plan. When being a collaborator works Involving employees in the decision-making process is almost al styluss a good idea because you benefit from insight gleaned from different perspectives.Collaboration also boosts employee morale, as employees feel valued because their ideas are requested and respected. This also provides employees with a real sense of shipment to forcing outs they are actively involved in. Its also a great strategy when time is abundant, giving you business deal of time to hash out ideas. Just be sure you arent using collaboration to stall when you are pressed to make an important decision. Indecisive or even weak because they spend so more than time talking about ideas and not enough time executing them. Employees can become frustrate if all the concussion lead s to nowhere.Also, beware of instances where an employee may not have enough knowledge about project details to provide relevant or useful advice. Bad advice can be costlier than no advice at all. The Micromanage Micromanages need to control everything and feel its necessary to unbrokenly be in the loop, even in obviously trivial discussions. They check in with employees too patronizely and expect constant updates on the status of projects. They buy the farm with the expectation that each employee must complete every assignment exactly as the micromanage would.Employees have wee freedom to be creative or to use their own intuition and knowledge to solve problems. When being a micromanage works When you have Just hired a new employee, or you are seek to turn around the performance of a struggling employee, watching them closely is ideal. You want to ensure that they are on the right track and help them overcome any challenges before they exacerbate. Another time to micromanage is when you must follow specific rules or guidelines for regulatory, legal or compliance issues.Remember to let employees know that your constant attending is to ensure compliance and does not reflect a lack of trust in them or their abilities. When being a micromanage may not work As a result of working under constant dictation, employees may feel boxed in and controlled. This can have an extremely detrimental effect on morale, which increases turnover and breeds dissatisfaction. For those employees who have proved their competence and trustworthiness, ease up and give them the space to do their Jobs the way they see fit. The Delegated Delegates take a hands-off approach and allow their employees to run the business.They divide and make assignments base on whom they think can best handle a given task, and they spend the bulk of their time generating new business and crafting long-term strategy instead of focusing on the minutiae of managing the business, they can focus on genera ting revenue. Employees may also feel affirmed by the confidence shown in their ability by bank them with these operations, which increases their commitment to the business. When being a delegated works If you have enough competent staff, its almost always a win-win situation to delegate work to employees.Just be sure to secularly consult with employees about their workload and regularly underpin their comfort level before you unload new assignments on them. Also, be sure to step in from time to time to cover the grunt work and to show employees that you are still part of the team. Finally, make certain that employees fully understand how the work you do each day contributes to the bottom line. When being a delegated may not work Problems occur if there arent enough employees to cover all the work, and employees become impatient as they struggle while the boss is out entertaining clients with golf, sporting events and inches.It can also be extremely upsetting for hardworking empl oyees to not get any credit for delegated work they completed as such, be sure to always acknowledge all contributors when projects are successfully finished. And even though you may have a pool of employees to delegate to, they may not yet have the skills to handle that type of work. If possible, take time to train your potential delegate on the finer points of the Job to ensure its do right. The Coach Coaching managers believe in a team-oriented atmosphere, where everyone contributes to the goals of the business.Because of that, directes are committed to training employees and providing regular and frequent feedback. They praise employees when they deserve it and constructively correct them when they slip up. Much like the collaborator, they believe everyone should provide input and be involved in decisions that affect the team. Employees typically feel a great deal of verity to managers who invest so much time and effort in helping them succeed. When being a coach works Effect ive coaching of all of your employees helps them grow and advance their careers. However, dont forget to acknowledge your est. employees.Rewarding employees who deserve it sets an casing and motivates underperformed. It also drives friendly competition that can raise everyones performance. When being a coach may not work Because coaches want everyone to succeed, Top performers could resent that their outstanding efforts arent setting them apart from the rest of the team, and they might every begin to perform at an average level or take their talents elsewhere, which can bring subdue productivity. Conversely, lower-performing employees might begin to see their subpart reference as adequate, which stifles productivity even further.If this is the case, make sure to normalize your encouragement with pragmatism by specifying where an employee may need to improve. Conclusion Determining your management style is the first step to understanding its impact on your business. Knowing your m anagement approach helps you recognize your organizations strengths as well as highlight its areas for improvement in whatever situation may arise.

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

Are women likely to suffer from depression than men Essay

Are women apt(predicate) to suffer from clinical slump than men - look for ExampleProper treatment would wholeeviate the symptoms in over 80 percent of the cases. Yet, because depression is a lot unrecognized, depressed individuals often continue to suffer needlessly.Women be almost twice as promising as men to experience depression. Research continues to explore how this mental problem affects women. At the same time, it is important for women to addition their awareness of what is already known about depression, so that they seek early and appropriate treatment.Major depression and dysthymia affect twice as many women as men. This two-to-one ratio exists regardless of racial and heathen background or economic status. The same ratio has been reported in eleven other countries all over the world. Men and women have about the same rate of bipolar disorder (manic depression), though its trail in women typically has more depressive and fewer manic episodes. Also, a greater n umber of women have the fast cycling form of bipolar disorder, which may be more resistant to standard treatments.Many factors unequaled to women are suspected to exploit a role in developing depression. Research is focused on understanding these factors, including reproductive, hormonal, genetic or other biological factors abuse and oppression interpersonal factors and certain psychological and personality characteristics. But, the specific causes of depression in women remain unclear. Many women exposed to these stress factors do not develop depression. Remember, depression is a treatable psychological problem, and treatment is effective for most womenThe Dimensions of Depression in WomenAdolescence_ Studies extract that the high incidence of depression in females begins in adolescence, when roles and expectations change dramatically. The stresses of adolescence include forming an identity, confronting sexuality, separating from parents, and making decisions for the first tim e, on with other physical, intellectual, and hormonal changes. These stresses are generally different for boys and girls, and may be associated more often with depression in females. Some researchers have suggested that men and women differ in their expression of emotional problems. In adolescence, boys are more likely to develop behavioral and substance abuse problems, while girls are more likely to become depressed. Adulthood relationships and work roles Stress can contribute to depression in many people. The higher incidence of depression in women may not be due to greater vulnerability, but to the special(prenominal) stresses that many women face. These stresses include major responsibilities at home and work, single parenthood, and caring for children and aging parents. Social expectations play a role here as well. In two career families, women are more likely to have responsibility for a greater share of child care and household responsibilities. Role involution is also an issue, as debate continues regarding whether women need to choose between family and work responsibilities, and about which choice is the straitlaced one. Reproductive events- Womens reproductive events include the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the post pregnancy period, infertility, menopause, and sometimes, the decision not to have children. These events use up fluctuations in mood that for some women include